Highlights
- •Clinical Significance:
- •There is an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cardiovascular diseases.
- •In women vaccinated against HPV, this association is not significant.
- •Our finding raises the possibility that HPV vaccination may have the additional benefit of preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed to be an unconventional
risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between HPV
infection and cardiovascular diseases amongst women with or without HPV vaccination.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 9353 women aged between 20 to 59 years
old who were tested for vaginal HPV DNA in the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016. Cardiovascular diseases were defined as the presence of
self-reported coronary heart diseases, heart attacks, angina pectoris, and stroke.
The association between HPV and cardiovascular diseases was studied using logistic
regression, with adjustment for the potential confounders.
Results: 40.8% of women were HPV DNA positive, and 3.0% had cardiovascular diseases.
9.0% of women received the HPV vaccine. The presence of vaginal HPV infection was
associated with cardiovascular diseases [OR=1.66, 95% CI (1.28-2.16)], which remained
significant [OR=1.54, (95% CI 1.15-2.08)] after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics,
lifestyle behaviors, medical history, family history of cardiovascular diseases and
antihypertensive drugs. The association was absent among those who were HPV vaccinated
[OR= 0.50, 95% CI (0.07-3.51)], but present among those who were not [OR=1.63, 95%
CI (1.18-2.25)].
Conclusions: There was an association between HPV infection and cardiovascular diseases.
This association was not significant amongst women vaccinated against HPV. The effect
of HPV vaccination on cardiovascular diseases requires further investigation.
Keywords
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