World Health Organization (WHO). Therapeutics and COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/therapeutics-and-covid-19-living-guideline. Accessed January 6, 2021.
Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. COVID-19 guideline, part 1: treatment and management. Available at: https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. Available at: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Vaccines and treatment of COVID-19. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/vaccines-and-treatment. Accessed January 6, 2021.
NHS England. Coronavirus » clinical/medical management. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/secondary-care/management-confirmed-coronavirus-covid-19/clinical-medical-management/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. COVID-19 guideline, part 1: treatment and management. Available at: https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. Available at: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 — preliminary report [e-pub ahead of print]. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2021436. Accessed January 6, 2021.
World Health Organization (WHO). Corticosteroids for COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Corticosteroids-2020.1. Accessed January 6, 2021.
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 — preliminary report [e-pub ahead of print]. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2021436. Accessed January 6, 2021.
References
- Pathophysiological basis and rationale for early outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.Am J Med. 2021; 134: 16-22https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.003
World Health Organization (WHO). Therapeutics and COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/therapeutics-and-covid-19-living-guideline. Accessed January 6, 2021.
Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. COVID-19 guideline, part 1: treatment and management. Available at: https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. Available at: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Vaccines and treatment of COVID-19. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/vaccines-and-treatment. Accessed January 6, 2021.
NHS England. Coronavirus » clinical/medical management. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/secondary-care/management-confirmed-coronavirus-covid-19/clinical-medical-management/. Accessed January 6, 2021.
- Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State.JAMA. 2020; 323: 2493-2502https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8630
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 — preliminary report [e-pub ahead of print]. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2021436. Accessed January 6, 2021.
World Health Organization (WHO). Corticosteroids for COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Corticosteroids-2020.1. Accessed January 6, 2021.
- Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.JAMA. 2020; 324: 1330-1341https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17023
Article info
Footnotes
Funding: None.
Conflicts of Interest: None.
Authorship: All authors had access to the data and a role in writing this manuscript.