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Concise Advice for Clinicians| Volume 131, ISSUE 8, P902-907, August 2018

Oral Anticoagulation for Primary Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer

      Malignancy is associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic events.
      • Farge D.
      • Debourdeau P.
      • Beckers M.
      • et al.
      International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
      • Mandala M.
      • Falanga A.
      • Roila F.
      Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management.
      Clinical practice guidelines recommend injectable antithrombotic drugs for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in people with malignancies.
      • Farge D.
      • Debourdeau P.
      • Beckers M.
      • et al.
      International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
      • Mandala M.
      • Falanga A.
      • Roila F.
      Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management.
      • Ahmed A.B.
      • Koster A.
      • Lance M.
      • et al.
      European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.
      • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance
      Venous thromboembolic diseases: the management of venous thromboembolic diseases and the role of thrombophilia testing.
      • Farge D.
      • Bounameaux H.
      • Brenner B.
      • et al.
      International clinical practice guidelines including guidance for direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
      • Kahn S.R.
      • Lim W.
      • Dunn A.S.
      • et al.
      Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.
      • Kozek-Langenecker S.
      • Fenger-Eriksen C.
      • Thienpont E.
      • Barauskas G.
      • Force E.V.G.T.
      European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Surgery in the elderly.
      • Kreher S.
      • Ochsenreither S.
      • Trappe R.U.
      • et al.
      Prophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: consensus statement of the Haemostasis Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), the Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology (OGHO) and Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH e.V.
      • Liew N.C.
      • Alemany G.V.
      • Angchaisuksiri P.
      • et al.
      Asian venous thromboembolism guidelines: updated recommendations for the prevention of venous thromboembolism.
      • Lyman G.H.
      • Bohlke K.
      • Khorana A.A.
      • et al.
      Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update 2014.
      • Lyman G.H.
      • Kuderer N.M.
      Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism among patients with cancer: the American Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines.
      • Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
      Prevention and management of venous thromboembolism: a national clinical guideline.
      Guidelines recommend oral anticoagulants for the treatment of thromboembolism in adults at high risk, although their role in routine prevention of embolic complications in adults with malignancies is debatable.
      • Konstantinides S.V.
      • Torbicki A.
      • Agnelli G.
      • et al.
      2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism.
      We conducted a rapid literature review following an a priori developed protocol of all available evidence regarding the benefits and harms of oral anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolism in adults with malignancies undergoing conservative chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy.
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