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Brief observation| Volume 119, ISSUE 1, P73-75, January 2006

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The Power of Repetition in Mastering Cardiac Auscultation

      For years there has been concern among medical educators that cardiac auscultation is an important clinical skill that is being lost.
      • Marcus F.I.
      The lost art of auscultation.
      • Tavel M.E.
      Cardiac auscultation a glorious past—but does it have a future?.
      In one study
      • Mangione S.
      • Nieman L.
      • Gracely E.
      • Kaye D.
      The teaching and practice of cardiac auscultation during internal medicine and cardiology training.
      the median rate of identification of 12 cardiac events was only 20% for medical students and 19% for medical residents. Studies of primary care physicians have found that proficiency in cardiac auscultation is less than 40%.
      • Paauw D.S.
      • Wenrich M.D.
      • Curtis J.R.
      • Carline J.D.
      • Tamsey P.G.
      Ability of primary care physicians to recognize physical findings associated with HIV infection.
      • Roy J.D.
      • Sargeant J.
      • Gray J.
      • Hoyt B.
      • Allen M.
      • Fleming M.
      Helping family practice physicians improve their cardiac auscultation skills with an interactive CD-ROM.
      These deficiencies in cardiac auscultation are especially important because internists are now being tested on their ability to recognize abnormal cardiac sounds during their board recertification process.

      Recertification: continuous professional development. Am Board Intern Med. 2002:2. Available at www.abim.org/moc/semmed.shtm.

      After a review of the psychoacoustic principles of auditory learning,
      • Atienza M.
      • Cantero J.L.
      • Dominguez-Marin E.
      The time course of neural changes underlying auditory perceptual learning.
      we hypothesized that cardiac auscultation is more of a technical skill than a purely cognitive one and thus could be mastered through the use of intensive repetition. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of listening to an average of 500 repetitions of each of 6 abnormal heart sounds on the proficiency of cardiac auscultation in third-year medical students.
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