The increased number of oral agents available to treat patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus (DM) has presented clinicians with choices about how to combine them when
monotherapy is not adequate to achieve glycemic targets. Initial studies focused on
whether a combination of 2 active drugs was better than a single active agent plus
placebo. Several factors need to be considered before results of combination regimens
from a given protocol can be compared with results from a different study regimen.
Some of these factors include population characteristics, baseline control and prior
therapies, length of study, and outcomes (glycemic and nonglycemic). Additional factors
to be considered are costs and side effects. These studies generally demonstrate that
combination therapy is more likely than monotherapy to achieve glucose control in
patients not at glycemic targets. The data also demonstrate that inadequate glucose
control with a given medication does not necessarily indicate drug failure; indeed,
adding a new agent to an existing regimen is typically better than using the new agent
as monotherapy. More recent studies have begun to compare regimens each containing
2 drugs (usually with 1 medication in common). Outcomes beyond glycemic control have
been measured, including traditional (e.g., lipid profiles, albuminuria) and nontraditional
(e.g., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor type–1)
markers. However, modifying traditional markers with these medications has not yet
been shown to improve outcomes; modifying nontraditional markers is even less certain.
None of these trials have been extended long enough to report on hard clinical end
points. Nonetheless, certain combinations may end up being preferable because they
have better impact on nonglycemic end points while maintaining equivalent degrees
of glucose control. Finally, the costs of multiple medications for DM need to be weighed
in the decision-making process faced by clinicians.
Keywords
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© 2005 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
