The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 8 , Pages 727-734 , August 2010

Paradoxical Preservation of Vascular Function in Severe Obesity

  • Luigi Marzio Biasucci, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests should be addressed to: Luigi Marzio Biasucci, MD, Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
    • ,
  • Francesca Graziani, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Vittoria Rizzello, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Giovanna Liuzzo, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Caterina Guidone, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Alberto Ranieri De Caterina, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Salvatore Brugaletta, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Gertrude Mingrone, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Filippo Crea, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy

References 

  1. Haslam DW, James WP. Lancet. 2005;366:1197–1209
  2. Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, et al. Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States. JAMA. 1999;282:1530–1538
  3. Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Years of life lost due to obesity. JAMA. 2003;289:187–193
  4. Melinek J, Livingston E, Cortina G, Fishbein MC. Autopsy findings following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126:1091–1095
  5. Cummings PM, Le BH, Lopes MBS. Postmortem findings in morbidly obese individuals dying after gastric bypass procedures. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:593–597
  6. Ahmed Q, Chung-Park M, Tomashefski JF. Cardiopulmonary pathology in patients with sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:264–269
  7. Duflou J, Virmani R, Rabin I, et al. Sudden death as a result of heart disease in morbid obesity. Am Heart J. 1995;130:306–313
  8. Kortelainen ML. Myocardial infarction and coronary pathology in severely obese people examined at autopsy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:73–79
  9. Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Direct pro-inflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2000;102:2165–2168
  10. Knudson JD, Dincer DU, Zhang C, et al. Leptin receptors are expressed in coronary arteries, and hyperleptinemia causes significant coronary endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289:H48–H56
  11. Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:85–89
  12. He T, Smith LA, Harrington S, et al. Transplantation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells restores endothelial function of denuded rabbit carotid arteries. Stroke. 2004;35:2378–2384
  13. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(Suppl 1):S43–S48
  14. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–419
  15. Rodriguez BL, Fujimoto WY, Mayer-Davis EJ, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents with diabetes: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1891–1896
  16. Donald AE, Charakida M, Cole TJ, et al. Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function (Which technique?). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1846–1850
  17. Handa N, Matsumoto M, Maeda H, et al. Ultrasonic evaluation of early carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke. 1990;21:1567–1572
  18. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, et al. Mannheim intima-media thickness consensus (2004-2006) (An update on behalf of the Advisory Board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium, 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004 and Brussels, Belgium, 2006). Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23:75–80
  19. Leone AM, Rutella S, Bonanno G, et al. Mobilization of bone marrow-derived stem cells after myocardial infarction and left ventricular function. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1196–1204
  20. Mc Tigue K, Larson JC, Valoski A. Mortality and cardiac and vascular outcome in extremely obese women. JAMA. 2006;296:79–86
  21. Romero-Corral A, Montori VM, Somers VK, et al. Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of cohort studies. Lancet. 2006;368:666–678
  22. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1925–1932
  23. Reeves BC, Ascione R, Chamberlain MH, Angelini GD. Effect of body mass index on early outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:668–676
  24. Gurm HS, Brennan DM, Booth J, et al. Impact of body mass index on outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (the obesity paradox). Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:42–45
  25. Arkin JM, Alsdorf R, Bigornia S, et al. Relation of cumulative weight burden to vascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Am J Cardiol. 2008;10:98–101
  26. Faintuch J, Marques PC, Bortolotto LA, et al. Systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors: are morbidly obese subjects different?. Obes Surg. 2008;18:854–862
  27. Esteve E, Castro A, Lopez-Bermejo A, et al. Divergent relationships among soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors 1 and 2, insulin resistance, and endothelial function. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1460–1461
  28. Pepys MB. C-reactive protein is neither a marker nor a mediator of atherosclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008;4:234–235
  29. Lembo G, Vecchione C, Fratta L. Leptin induces direct vasodilation through distinct endothelial mechanisms. Diabetes. 2000;49:293–297
  30. Momin AU, Melikian N, Shah AM, et al. Leptin is an endothelial independent vasodilator in humans with coronary artery disease: evidence for tissue specificity of leptin resistance. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2294–2299
  31. Wolk R, Deb A, Caplice NM, Somers VK. Leptin receptor and functional effects of leptin in human endothelial progenitor cells. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183:131–139
  32. Sattar N, Wannamethee G, Sarwar N, et al. Adiponectin and coronary heart disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2006;114:623–629
  33. Sengenes C, Lolmede K, Zakaroff-Girard A, et al. Preadipocytes in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue display distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Physiol. 2005;205:114–122
  34. Gimble JM, Guilak F. Differentiation potential of adipose derived adult stem (ADAS) cells. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2003;58:137–160
  35. Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:593–600
  36. Leone AM, Valgimigli M, Giannico MB, et al. From bone marrow to the arterial wall: the ongoing tale of endothelial progenitor cells. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:890–899
  37. Leor J, Marber M. Endothelial progenitors: a new Tower of Babel?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1588–1590

 Funding: The study was funded by grant 70200400 from Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.

 Conflict of Interest: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest associated with the work presented in this manuscript.

 Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(10)00345-1

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.02.016

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 8 , Pages 727-734 , August 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution