« Previous
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 7,
Supplement
, Pages S21-S26
, July 2010
The Role of Vasodilating β-Blockers in Patients with Hypertension and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
References
- . Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S.. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2745–2749
- . Increasing prevalence of obesity and clustered cardiometabolic risk: can treatment of the underlying cause reverse the trends?. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2007;6:41–45
- . Hypertension—a treatable component of the cardiometabolic syndrome: challenges for the primary care physician. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2006;8(suppl 1):12–20
- . Blood pressure and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Women's Health Study. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2937–2943
- . Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:905–912
- . Multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 2007;120(suppl 1):S3–S11
- . Risk factor groupings related to insulin resistance and their synergistic effects on subclinical atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes. 2002;51:3069–3076
- . Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998;317:703–713
- . Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1565–1576
- . Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in uncontrolled hypertension across Europe: the Global Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in Patients with hypertension disease survey. J Hypertens. 2008;26:2064–2070
- . Thiazide-type diuretics and β-adrenergic blockers as first-line drug treatments for hypertension. Circulation. 2008;117:2691–2705
- The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572
- . Risk/benefit assessment of β-blockers and diuretics precludes their use as first-line therapy in hypertension. Circulation. 2008;117:2706–2715
- . Treatment with a β-blocker with β2-agonism improves glucose and lipid metabolism in essential hypertension. Metabolism. 1994;43:455–461
- . Sensitivity to insulin during treatment with atenolol and metoprolol: a randomized, double-blind study of effects on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients. BMJ. 1989;298:1152–1157
- . Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:133–141
- Comparative effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin and soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2006;24:591–596
- . Antihypertensive therapy and insulin sensitivity: do we have to redefine the role of β-blocking agents?. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11:1258–1265
- Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:2227–2236
- . Drug-induced hyperglycemia. JAMA. 2001;286:1945–1948
- Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003
- Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:895–906
- . Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007;369:201–207
- . A meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers to determine the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254–1262
- . Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:413–420
- . Characterization of β1-adrenergic receptor selectivity of nebivolol and various other beta-blockers in human myocardium. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18(suppl 4s):51A–52A
- . Nebivolol, bucindolol, metoprolol and carvedilol are devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in human myocardium. Br J Pharmacol. 2001;133:1330–1338
- . The role of the new β-blockers in treating cardiovascular disease. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18(pt 2):169S–176S
- Effect of nebivolol on endothelial nitric oxide and peroxynitrite release in hypertensive animals: role of antioxidant activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;48:862–869
- Nebivolol vasodilates human forearm vasculature: evidence for an l-arginine/NO-dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;274:1067–1071
- . Vascular function, insulin resistance and fatty acids. Diabetalogia. 2002;45:623–634
- . Effects of nebivolol and atenolol on insulin sensitivity and haemodynamics in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2001;19:1429–1435
- Comparative effects of nebivolol and atenolol on blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive subjects with type II diabetes. J Hum Hypertens. 1997;11:753–757
- . Influence of nebivolol and enalapril on metabolic parameters and arterial stiffness in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1397–1403
- . Metabolic effects of β-blockers: importance of dissociating newer from conventional agents. J Hypertens. 2007;25:249–252
- Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J. 2005;26:215–225
- . Metabolic profile of nebivolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist with unique characteristics. Drugs. 2007;67:1097–1107
- . Glucose control in hypertensive patients treated with the vasodilating, selective β-blocker, nebivolol. South Med J. 2008;101:863;Poster CAR-4
- . Long-term effects of the novel β-blocker, nebivolol, on blood glucose in hypertensive patients. South Med J. 2008;101:863;Poster CAR-3
Dr. Taylor is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.
PII: S0002-9343(10)00341-4
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.04.015
« Previous
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 7,
Supplement
, Pages S21-S26
, July 2010

