The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 8 , Pages 748-754.e3 , August 2010

Depression and Incident Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Prospective Cohort Study

  • Lisa H. Williams, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests should be addressed to Lisa H. Williams, MD, MS, 125 16th Ave E, mail stop CSB-5, Seattle, WA 98112
    • ,
  • Carolyn M. Rutter, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash
    • ,
  • Wayne J. Katon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
    • ,
  • Gayle E. Reiber, PhD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle
    • ,
  • Paul Ciechanowski, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
    • ,
  • Susan R. Heckbert, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash
    • Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
    • ,
  • Elizabeth H.B. Lin, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash
    • ,
  • Evette J. Ludman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash
    • ,
  • Malia M. Oliver, BA

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash
    • ,
  • Bessie A. Young, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiologic Research and Information Center and Primary and Specialty Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle
    • ,
  • Michael Von Korff, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Group Health Center for Health Studies, Seattle, Wash

References 

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  3. Roy MS, Affouf M, Roy A. Six-year incidence of proteinuria in type 1 diabetic African Americans. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1807–1812
  4. Katon WJ, Rutter C, Simon G, et al. The association of comorbid depression with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2668–2672
  5. Lin EH, Heckbert SR, Rutter CM, et al. Depression and increased mortality in diabetes: unexpected causes of death. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7:414–421
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  16. de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE, et al. Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2001;63:619–630
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  19. Smolderen KG, Aquarius AE, de Vries J, et al. Depressive symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: a follow-up study on prevalence, stability, and risk factors. J Affect Disord. 2008;110:27–35
  20. Arseven A, Guralnik JM, O'Brien E, et al. Peripheral arterial disease and depressed mood in older men and women. Vasc Med. 2001;6:229–234
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  22. Wattanakit K, Williams JE, Schreiner PJ, et al. Association of anger proneness, depression and low social support with peripheral arterial disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Vasc Med. 2005;10:199–206
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  25. Vileikyte L, Peyrot M, Gonzalez JS, et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms in persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a longitudinal study. Diabetologia. 2009;52:1265–1273
  26. Lustman PJ, Clouse RE, Ciechanowski PS, et al. Depression-related hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes: a mediational approach. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:195–199
  27. Lin EH, Katon W, Von Korff M, et al. Relationship of depression and diabetes self-care, medication adherence, and preventive care. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2154–2160
  28. Gonzalez JS, Safren SA, Delahanty LM, et al. Symptoms of depression prospectively predict poorer self-care in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2008;25:1102–1107
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  31. Johnston MV, Pogach L, Rajan M, et al. Personal and treatment factors associated with foot self-care among veterans with diabetes. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2006;43:227–238

 Funding: This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant MH-073686. Dr Williams was supported by National Institutes of Health/American Skin Association grant F32 AR-056380 and a Dermatology Foundation Dermatologist Investigator Research Fellowship.

 Conflict of Interest: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest associated with the work presented in this manuscript.

 Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(10)00258-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.023

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 123, Issue 8 , Pages 748-754.e3 , August 2010

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