The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 12, Supplement , Pages S14-S21 , December 2009

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

  • Don L. Goldenberg, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Don L. Goldenberg, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, 2000 Washington Street, MOB—Blue Suite 304, Newton, Massachusetts 02462

References 

  1. Aaron LA, Burke MM, Buchwald D. Overlapping conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular disorder. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:221–227
  2. Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Keck PE, Auchenbach MB, Javaras KN, Hess EV. Comorbidity of fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:1219–1225
  3. Hwang E, Barkhuizen A. Update on rheumatologic mimics of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2006;10:327–332
  4. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia: report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:160–172
  5. Yunus MB. Symptoms and signs of fibromyalgia syndrome: an overview. In:  Wallace DJ,  Clauw DJ editor. Fibromyalgia & Other Central Pain Syndromes. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 125–132
  6. Yunus MB. A comprehensive medical evaluation of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2002;28:201–217v-vi
  7. Ersoz M. Nerve conduction tests in patients with fibromyalgia: comparison with normal controls. Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:166–170
  8. Goldenberg DL. Fibromyalgia syndrome: an emerging but controversial condition. JAMA. 1987;257:2782–2787
  9. Yunus MB, Masi AT, Aldag JC. A controlled study of primary fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical features and association with other functional syndromes. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989;19:62–71
  10. Yunus MB, Inanici F, Aldag JC, Mangold RF. Fibromyalgia in men: comparison of clinical features with women. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:485–490
  11. Mease P, Arnold LM, Bennett R, et al. Fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1415–1425
  12. Blehm R. Physical therapy and other nonpharmacologic approaches to fibromyalgia management. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2006;10:333–338
  13. Goldenberg DL. Office management of fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2002;28:437–446
  14. Wolfe F. The relation between tender points and fibromyalgia symptom variables: evidence that fibromyalgia is not a discrete disorder in the clinic. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56:268–271
  15. Katz RS, Wolfe F, Michaud K. Fibromyalgia diagnosis: a comparison of clinical, survey, and American College of Rheumatology criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:169–176
  16. Wolfe F. Pain extent and diagnosis: development and validation of the regional pain scale in 12,799 patients with rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:369–378
  17. American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  18. Hudson JI, Pope HG. The concept of affective spectrum disorder: relationship to fibromyalgia and other syndromes of chronic fatigue and chronic muscle pain. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1994;8:839–856
  19. Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: update on mechanisms and management. J Clin Rheumatol. 2007;13:102–109
  20. Wolfe F. What use are fibromyalgia control points?. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:546–550
  21. Tunks E, Crook J, Norman G, Kalaher S. Tender points in fibromyalgia. Pain. 1988;34:11–19
  22. Staud R, Rodriguez ME. Mechanisms of disease: pain in fibromyalgia syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2:90–98
  23. Fitzcharles MA, Boulos P. Inaccuracy in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome: analysis of referrals. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42:263–267
  24. Burckhardt CS, Goldenberg D, Crofford L. Guideline for the Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome Pain in Adults and Children. APS Clinical Practice Guideline Series, No. 4 Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2005;
  25. Leavitt F, Katz RS. Distraction as a key determinant of impaired memory in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:127–132
  26. Leavitt F, Katz RS, Mills M, Heard AR. Cognitive and dissociative manifestations in fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 2002;8:77–84
  27. McBeth J, Silman AJ. The role of psychiatric disorders in fibromyalgia. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2001;3:157–164
  28. Hudson JI, Pope HG. The relationship between fibromyalgia and major depressive disorder. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1996;22:285–303
  29. White KP, Nielson WR, Harth M, Ostbye T, Speechley M. Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain with or without fibromyalgia: psychological distress in a representative community adult sample. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:588–594
  30. Fietta P, Manganelli P. Fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders. Acta Biomed. 2007;78:88–95
  31. Thieme K, Turk DC, Flor H. Comorbid depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to somatic and psychosocial variables. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:837–844
  32. Aaron LA, Bradley LA, Alarcon GS, et al. Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with fibromyalgia are related to health care-seeking behavior rather than to illness. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:436–445
  33. Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, et al. A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2974–2984
  34. Abeles AM, Pillinger MH, Solitar BM, Abeles M. Narrative review: the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:726–734
  35. Arnold LM, Crofford LJ, Martin SA, et al. The effect of anxiety and depression on improvements in pain in a randomized, controlled trial of pregabalin for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 2007;8:633–638
  36. Dadabhoy D, Clauw DJ. Therapy Insight: Fibromyalgia—a different type of pain needing a different type of treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2:364–372
  37. Kurland JE, Coyle WJ, Winkler A, Zable E. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and depression in fibromyalgia. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51:454–460
  38. Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:953–959
  39. Thompson WG, Longstreth GF, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Irvine EJ, Müller-Lissner SA. Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. Gut. 1999;45(suppl 2):II43–II47
  40. Dworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992;6:301–355
  41. Bartha L, Baumzweiger W, Buscher DS, et al. Multiple chemical sensitivity: a 1999 consensus. Arch Environ Health. 1999;54:147–149
  42. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(suppl 1):1–160
  43. Gillenwater JY, Wein AJ. Summary of the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop on Interstitial Cystitis, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, August 28-29, 1987. J Urol. 1988;140:203–206
  44. International Association for the Study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain. Pain Suppl. 1986;3:S1–S226
  45. Aaron LA, Buchwald D. Chronic diffuse musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia and co-morbid unexplained clinical conditions. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17:563–574
  46. Annemans L, Wessely S, Spaepen E, et al. Health economic consequences related to the diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:895–902
  47. Hughes G, Martinez C, Myon E, Taïeb C, Wessely S. The impact of a diagnosis of fibromyalgia on health care resource use by primary care patients in the UK: an observational study based on clinical practice. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:177–183
  48. White KP, Nielson WR, Harth M, Ostbye T, Speechley M. Does the label ”fibromyalgia” alter health status, function, and health service utilization? (A prospective, within-group comparison in a community cohort of adults with chronic widespread pain). Arthritis Rheum. 2002;47:260–265
  49. Wolfe F, Clauw D, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Clinical diagnostic and severity criteria for fibromyalgia [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;10(suppl):S210

 Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.

PII: S0002-9343(09)00824-9

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.09.007

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 12, Supplement , Pages S14-S21 , December 2009