The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 11 , Pages 1001-1003 , November 2009

A Prolonged, Perplexing Pyrexia

  • José L. Ruiz-Rivas, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to José L. Ruiz-Rivas, MD, Hospital Carlos III, C/ Sinesio Delgado 10, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Daniel Val, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Francisca García, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Eva Estirado, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • María J. Alonso, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • Fernando Laguna, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

References 

  1. Keefer CS, Leard SF. Prolonged and perplexing fevers. Boston: Little, Brown; 1955;
  2. Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, et al. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:338–381
  3. Ridley DS, Jopling WH. Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a five-group system. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1966;34:255–273
  4. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Leprosy. Seventh report. WHO Tech Rep Ser. 1998;874:1–43
  5. Pardillo FE, Fajardo TT, Abalos RM, et al. Methods for the classification of leprosy for treatment purposes. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1096–1099
  6. Albert DA, Weisman MH, Kaplan R. The rheumatic manifestations of leprosy (Hansen disease). Medicine (Baltimore). 1980;59:442–448
  7. Oliveira RA, Silva GB, Souza CJ, et al. Evaluation of renal function in leprosy: a study of 59 consecutive patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:256–262
  8. Nakayama EE, Ura S, Fleury RN, Soares V. Renal lesions in leprosy: a retrospective study of 199 autopsies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:26–30
  9. Cuevas J, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Carrillo R, Contreras F. Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007;26:126–130
  10. Iyer A, Hatta M, Usman R, et al. Serum levels of interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, soluble interleukin-6R and soluble cell activation markers for monitoring response to treatment of leprosy reactions. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;150:210–216
  11. World Health Organization Strategy Development and Monitoring for Eradication and Elimination Team. Guide to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem: WHO standard multidrug therapy (MDT) cures leprosy, stops transmission and prevents disabilities. http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Tools_and_Guidelines_GuidetoEliminateprev.pdfAccessed April 6, 2009
  12. Desikan KV, Sundaresh P, Tulasidas I, Ranganadha PV. An 8-12 year follow-up of highly bacillated Indian leprosy patients treated with WHO multi-drug therapy. Lepr Rev. 2008;79:303–310
  13. Britton WJ, Lockwood DNJ. Leprosy. Lancet. 2004;363:1209–1219
  14. WHO guidelines for management of severe Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction. http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/who-enl-guidelines.htmAccessed April 6, 2009
  15. Deps PD, Nasser S, Guerra P, et al. Adverse effects from multi-drug therapy in leprosy: a Brazilian study. Lepr Rev. 2007;78:216–222
  16. Sapkota BR, Shrestha K, Pandey B, Walker SL. A retrospective study of the effect of modified multi-drug therapy in Nepali leprosy patients following the development of adverse effects due to dapsone. Lepr Rev. 2008;79:425–428
  17. Scollard DM. Treatment gets better, but leprosy remains a global problem. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37:1–2

 Aimee K. Zaas, MD, Section Editor

 Funding: None.

 Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this manuscript.

 Authorship: This manuscript is an original work that is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors meet the criteria for authorship and accept responsibility for its scientific content. All authors contributed to, read, and approved the final manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(09)00622-6

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.07.003

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 11 , Pages 1001-1003 , November 2009

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