« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 7
, Pages 647-655
, July 2009
Effect of Statin Adherence on Cerebrovascular Disease in Primary Prevention
References
- Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke. 2006;37:1583–1633
- . The Growing Burden of Heart Disease and Stroke in Canada, 2003. Ottawa, Canada: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; 2003;
- Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383–1389
- . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7–22
- . Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149–1158
- Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364:685–696
- Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:1623–1630
- Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301–1308
- Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS (Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study). JAMA. 1998;279:1615–1622
- Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1425–1435
- . Effects of statins on stroke prevention in patients with and without coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2004;117:596–606
- . Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2307–2313
- . Statin therapy in stroke prevention: a meta-analysis involving 121,000 patients. Am J Med. 2008;121:24–33
- . Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statin. Lancet. 2005;366:1267–1278
- Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20,536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet. 2004;363:757–767
- . Statin in stroke prevention and carotic atherosclerosis (Systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis). Lancet. 2004;356:2902–2909
- Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. JAMA. 2002;288:455–461
- Persistence and determinants of statin therapy among middle-aged patients for primary and secondary prevention. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;59:564–573
- International Classification of Diseases. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Cause of Death. 9th edn.. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977;Publication no PHS 80-1260
- . Canadian Classification of Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Surgical Procedures. 2nd edn.. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada Health Division; 1986;
- . Principales variables selon la catégorie de personnes assures [French]. Studies and Statistics 2005 http://www.ramq.gouv.qc.caAccessed September 20, 2006
- . The use of prescription claims databases in pharmacoepidemiological research: the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the prescription claims database in Quebec. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:999–1009
- . Validation of diagnostic codes within medical services claims. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:131–141
- . Validating administrative data in stroke research. Stroke. 2002;33:2465–2470
- . Nested case-control studies. Prev Med. 1994;23:587–590
- . The nested case-control study in cardiology. Am Heart J. 2003;146:581–590
- . Estimating medication persistency using administrative claims data. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11:449–457
- . Effect of statins risk of coronary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 1999;282:2340–2346
- . Approximate equivalent rosuvastatin doses for temporary statin interchange programs. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38:1286–1292
- . Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:582–587
- . A chronic disease score from automated pharmacy data. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:197–203
- . Comparison of nested case-control and survival analysis methodologies for analysis of time-dependent exposure. BMC Med Res Method. 2005;5:5–11
- . Sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo risk analysis, and Bayesian uncertainty assessment. Risk Anal. 2001;21:579–583
- . Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis and Bayesian analysis of smoking as an unmeasured confounder in a study of silica and lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:384–392
- . Econometric Analysis. 3rd edn.. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1997;
- . Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1981;
- Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels (Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators). Circulation. 1998;98:839–844
- Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1959–1965
- Pravastatin treatment increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases, and cell death in human carotid plaques: implications for plaque stabilization. Circulation. 2001;103:926–933
- . Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease: clinical benefits and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:512–521
- . Antiatherothrombotic properties of statins: implications for cardiovascular event reduction. JAMA. 1998;279:1643–1650
- . Pleiotrophic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1712–1719
- . Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:487–497
- Risk factors. Stroke. 1997;28:1507–1517
- Determinants of non-compliance with lipid-lowering therapy in hyperlipidemic patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2002;11:593–600
Funding: Financial support was received from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Conflict of Interest: None.
Authorship: All coauthors have read and approved the manuscript, which represents, to the best of our knowledge, honest and accurate work.
PII: S0002-9343(09)00286-1
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.01.032
© 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 7
, Pages 647-655
, July 2009

