The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 12 , Pages 1115-1121 , December 2009

Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Diabetes Risk in Men: A Prospective Study

  • Lydia C. Siegel, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center at the VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Lydia C. Siegel, MD, MPH, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
  • ,
  • Howard D. Sesso, ScD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
  • ,
  • Thomas S. Bowman, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center at the VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
  • ,
  • I.-Min Lee, MBBS, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
  • ,
  • JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
  • ,
  • J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center at the VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
    • Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass

References 

  1. Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, et al. Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA. 2003;290:1884–1890
  2. Barnes P, Heyman K, Schiller J. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the January–March 2007 National Health Interview Survey. 2007;
  3. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:147–152
  4. Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards JW, et al. Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study. JAMA. 1999;282:1433–1439
  5. Manson JE, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. Lancet. 1991;338:774–778
  6. Chan JM, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:961–969
  7. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:481–486
  8. Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Narayan KM, et al. The relative contributions of different levels of overweight and obesity to the increased prevalence of diabetes in the United States: 1976-2004. Prev Med. 2007;45:348–352
  9. Weinstein AR, Sesso HD. Joint effects of physical activity and body weight on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006;34:10–15
  10. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:716–725
  11. Weinstein AR, Sesso HD, Lee IM, et al. Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2004;292:1188–1194
  12. Weinstein AR, Sesso HD, Lee IM, et al. The joint effects of physical activity and body mass index on coronary heart disease risk in women. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:884–890
  13. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study (Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group). N Engl J Med. 1989;321:129–135
  14. Klag MJ, He J, Mead LA, et al. Validity of physicians' self-reports of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Ann Epidemiol. 1993;3:442–447
  15. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. In: World Health Organization Consultation on Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2000;
  16. Washburn RA, Goldfield SR, Smith KW, McKinlay JB. The validity of self-reported exercise-induced sweating as a measure of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132:107–113
  17. Siconolfi SF, Lasater TM, Snow RC, Carleton RA. Self-reported physical activity compared with maximal oxygen uptake. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122:101–105
  18. Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116:1081–1093
  19. Manson JE, Nathan DM, Krolewski AS, et al. A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians. JAMA. 1992;268:63–67
  20. Liu S, Lee IM, Song Y, et al. Vitamin E and risk of type 2 diabetes in the women's health study randomized controlled trial. Diabetes. 2006;55:2856–2862
  21. Ding EL, Song Y, Manson JE, et al. Accuracy of administrative coding for type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents, and young adults. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:e98;author reply e9
  22. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(Suppl 1):S42–S47
  23. Rana JS, Li TY, Manson JE, Hu FB. Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:53–58
  24. Tanasescu M, Leitzmann MF, Rimm EB, et al. Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men. JAMA. 2002;288:1994–2000
  25. Jeon CY, Lokken RP, Hu FB, van Dam RM. Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:744–752
  26. LaMonte MJ, Blair SN, Church TS. Physical activity and diabetes prevention. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99:1205–1213
  27. Katzmarzyk PT, Craig CL, Gauvin L. Adiposity, physical fitness and incident diabetes: the physical activity longitudinal study. Diabetologia. 2007;50:538–544
  28. Despres JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006;444:881–887
  29. Timperio A, Salmon J, Crawford D. Validity and reliability of a physical activity recall instrument among overweight and non-overweight men and women. J Sci Med Sport. 2003;6:477–491

 Funding: The Physicians' Health Study is supported by grants CA-34944 and CA-40360 and CA-097193 from the National Cancer Institute and grants HL-26490 and HL-34595 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr Siegel received support from the Office of Research and Development, Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs.

 Conflict of Interest: None.

 Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(09)00143-0

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.02.008

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 12 , Pages 1115-1121 , December 2009