The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 6 , Pages 513-515 , June 2009

Current Evaluation and Treatment of Lower Extremity Varicose Veins

  • Brian Kouri, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Brian Kouri, MD, Department of Interventional Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157

References 

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  2. Min RJ, Khilani N, Zimmet SE. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14:991–996
  3. Cavezzi A, Labropolous N, Partsch H, et al. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs—UIP consensus document (Part II. Anatomy). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;31:288–299
  4. Labropolous N, Tassiopoulos AK, Bhatti AF, et al. Development of reflux in the perforator veins in limbs with primary venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:558–562
  5. Bergan J, Pascarella L. Venous anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology. In:  Bergan J editors. The Vein Book. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press; 2007;p. 39–45
  6. Goldman M. Pathophysiology of varicose veins. In:  Goldman M editors. Sclerotherapy: Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book; 2007;p. 49–72
  7. Rose SS. Anatomic observations on causes of varicose veins. In:  Goldman MP,  Weiss RA,  Bergan JJ editor. Varicose Veins and Telangiectasia: Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing; 1999;p. 12–17
  8. Widmer LK, Mall TH, Martin H. Epidemiology and social medical importance of diseases of the veins. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1974;116:1421–1426
  9. Langer R, Ho E, Denenberg J, et al. Relationships between symptoms and venous disease (The San Diego Population Study). Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1420–1424
  10. Jiang P, van Rij A, Christie R, et al. Recurrent varicose veins: patterns of reflux and clinical severity. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:332–339
  11. Jiang P, van Rij A, Christie R, et al. Non-saphenofemoral venous reflux in the groin in patients with varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;21:550–557
  12. Fernandez CF, Roizental M, Carvallo J. Combined endovenous laser therapy and microphlebectomy in the treatment of varicose veins: efficacy and complications of a large single-center experience. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:947–952
  13. Kabnick L, Ombrellino M. Ambulatory phlebectomy. Semin Interv Radiol. 2005;22:218–224
  14. Worthington-Kirsch R. Injection sclerotherapy. Semin Interv Radiol. 2005;22:209–217
  15. Min R, Khilnani N. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;6:125–131
  16. Desmyttere J, Grard C, Wassmer B, Mordon S. Endovenous 980-nm laser treatment of saphenous veins in a series of 500 patients. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:1242–1247

 Funding: None.

 Conflict of Interest: None.

 Authorship: The author is the sole author of this manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(09)00114-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.01.019

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 6 , Pages 513-515 , June 2009

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