The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 366-373 , April 2009

Depression and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure: An OPTIMIZE-HF Analysis

  • Nancy M. Albert, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Nursing Institute and George M. and Linda H. Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Nancy M. Albert, PhD, RN, Nursing Institute and Kaufman Center of Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail code J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195
    • ,
  • Gregg C. Fonarow, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of California Los Angeles Medical Center
    • ,
  • William T. Abraham, MD

      Affiliations

    • Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Mihai Gheorghiade, MD

      Affiliations

    • Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
    • ,
  • Barry H. Greenberg, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of California San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest Medical Center
    • ,
  • Eduardo Nunez, MD

      Affiliations

    • GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Collegeville, Pa
    • ,
  • Christopher M. O'Connor, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Wendy G. Stough, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • Campbell University School of Pharmacy, Research Triangle Park, NC
    • ,
  • Clyde W. Yancy, MD

      Affiliations

    • Baylor Heart Vascular Institute, Dallas, Tex
    • ,
  • James B. Young, MD

      Affiliations

    • Heart and Vascular Institute, Heart Failure and Transplantation Section, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio

References 

  1. Lesman-Leegte I, Jaarsma T, Sanderman R, et al. Depressive symptoms are prominent among elderly hospitalised heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8:634–640
  2. Koenig HG. Depression in hospitalized older patients with congestive heart failure. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1998;20:29–43
  3. Vaccarino V, Kasl SV, Abramson J, Krumholz HM. Depressive symptoms and risk of functional decline and death in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:199–205
  4. Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, et al. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1849–1856
  5. Friedman MM, Griffin JA. Relationship of physical symptoms and physical functioning to depression in patients with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2001;30:98–104
  6. Havranek EP, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, et al. Predictors of the onset of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2333–2338
  7. Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J, Thompson DR. Correlates of psychological distress in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57:573–581
  8. Rutledge T, Reis VA, Linke SE, et al. Depression in heart failure (A meta-analytic review of prevalence, interaction effects, and associations with clinical outcomes). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1527–1537
  9. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA. 2007;297:61–70
  10. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF): rationale and design. Am Heart J. 2004;148:43–51
  11. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Influence of a performance-improvement initiative on quality of care for patients hospitalized with heart failure: results of the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1493–1502
  12. Ambler G, Brady AR, Royston P. Simplifying a prognostic model: a simulation study based on clinical data. Stat Med. 2002;21(24):3803–3822
  13. Royston P, Ambler G, Sauerbrei W. The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28(5):964–974
  14. Harrell FE, Margolis PA, Gove S, et al. Development of a clinical prediction model for an ordinal outcome: the World Health Organization Multicentre Study of Clinical Signs and Etiological agents of Pneumonia, Sepsis and Meningitis in Young Infants. Stat Med. 1998;17(8):909–944
  15. Rumsfeld JS, Jones PG, Whooley MA, et al. Depression predicts mortality and hospitalization in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure. Am Heart J. 2005;150:961–967
  16. Adams KF, Lindenfeld J, Arnold JMO, et al. HFSA 2006 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2006;12:e1–e122
  17. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) (American College of Cardiology Website). http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/failure/index.pdfAccessed August 18, 2005
  18. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2101–2107
  19. de Denus S, Spinler SA, Jessup M, Kao A. History of depression as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Pharmacotherapy. 2004;24:1306–1310
  20. Angermann CE, Gelbrich G, Störk S, et al. Rationale and design of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial investigating the effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibition on morbidity, mortality, and mood in depressed heart failure patients (MOOD-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:1212–1222

 Funding: See last page of article.Conflict of Interest: See last page of article.Authorship: See last page of article.

 Funding: GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) funded both the OPTIMIZE-HF registry and this analysis of registry data. The OPTIMIZE-HF registry was established by GSK under the guidance of a steering committee of academic advisors, each of whom is an author on this manuscript. These academic advisors were intimately involved in the initial preparation, design, and data collection for this registry. GSK provided financial and material support for the OPTIMIZE-HF registry. Outcome, Inc. (Cambridge, Mass) created the web-based data collection tool for OPTIMIZE-HF, performed data checks, and stored site-specific and aggregate data.

 Conflict of Interest: Nancy M. Albert, PhD, RN, reported that she is a consultant for Medtronic and GSK. She is on the speaker's bureau for GSK and Scios, Inc.Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, reported that he has received research grants from GSK, Medtronic, Pfizer, and the NHLBI. He has received honoraria from Medtronic and GSK. He is a consultant for GSK, Medtronic, and Scios.William T. Abraham, MD, reported that he has received a research grant from Amgen, Biotronik, CHF Solutions, GSK, HFA, NIH, Medtronic, Myogen, Orqis Medical, Otsuka Maryland Research Institute, Paracor Inc., and Scios, Inc. He is a consultant/on the speakers bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CHF Solutions, GSK, Guidant, Medtronic, Merck, Pfizer, ResMed, Respironics, Scios, Inc., and St. Jude Medical. He is on the Advisory Board of CardioKinetix, Inc., CHF Solutions, Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program, NIH, and Savacor, Inc. He has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GSK, Guidant, Medtronic, Merck, Pfizer, ResMed, Respironics, Scios, Inc., and St. Jude Medical.Mihai Gheorghiade, MD, reported that he is a consultant and has received honoraria from Otsuka, Protein Design Lab, Sigma Tau, Medtronic, Pfizer, and GSK.Barry H. Greenberg, MD, reported that he is on the speaker's bureau for GSK, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck, and Novartis. He is a consultant for GSK, Osuka and Sanofi Aventis.Eduardo Nunez, MD, reported that he is an employee (cardiovascular epidemiologist) at GSK.Christopher M. O'Connor, MD, reported that he is a consultant for Amgen, GSK, Guidant, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Scios, Inc.Wendy G. Stough, PharmD, reported that she has received a research grant, is a consultant, and is on the speaker's bureau for GSK.Clyde W. Yancy, MD, reported that he has received research grants from GSK, Scios, Inc., Medtronic, and NitroMed. He also is a consultant for Scios, Inc., GSK, Medtronic, NitroMed, and CHF Solutions.James B. Young, MD, reported that he has received research grants from and is a consultant for AstraZeneca and GSK.

 Authorship: With respect to this study using registry data and the resulting manuscript, the OPTIMIZE-HF steering committee had access to all study data and takes full responsibility for the accuracy of the analyses. The authors had complete control and authority over the design, data analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, and the decision to submit this manuscript to The American Journal of Medicine for publication. The manuscript was submitted to GSK before submission for publication. All authors meet criteria for authorship and have seen and approved the final version of this manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(08)01176-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.046

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 366-373 , April 2009

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