The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 338-341 , April 2009

Shortness of Breath and Visual Hallucinations

  • Sara M. Mekuria, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
    • ,
  • Carmela Tan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
    • ,
  • Paul Schoenhagen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
    • Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
    • ,
  • Michael D. Faulx, MD

      Affiliations

    • Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Michael D. Faulx, MD, FACC, Heart and Vascular Institute, Desk J2-4, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195

References 

  1. Fox DJ, Khattar RS. Carcinoid heart disease: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Heart. 2004;90:1224–1228
  2. Møller JE, Pellikka PA, Bernheim AM, et al. Prognosis of carcinoid heart disease: analysis of 200 cases over two decades. Circulation. 2005;112:3320–3327
  3. Pandya UH, Pellikka PA, Enriquez-Sarano M, et al. Metastatic carcinoid tumor to the heart: echocardiographic-pathologic study of 11 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1328–1332
  4. Bernheim AM, Connolly HM, Pellikka PA. Carcinoid heart disease in patients without hepatic metastases. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:292–294
  5. Russo S, Boon JC, Kema IP, et al. Patients with carcinoid syndrome exhibit symptoms of aggressive impulse dysregulation. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:422–425

 Charles M. Wiener, MD, Section Editor

 Funding: None.

 Conflict of Interest: None.

 Authorship: All authors has access to the data and a role in writing the manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(08)01153-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.11.006

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 338-341 , April 2009

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