The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 3 , Pages 281-289.e2 , March 2009

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Among Patients with Health Care-associated Fever

Part of this study was presented as a poster at the 45th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, December 18th 2005.

  • Martin E. Stryjewski, MD, MHS

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Martin E. Stryjewski, MD, MHS, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”, Azcuenaga 1757, Apt 1C, Capital Federal (C1128AAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • ,
  • Zeina A. Kanafani, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
    • ,
  • Vivian H. Chu, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Paul A. Pappas, MS

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Tina Harding, BSN

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Laura A. Drew, RN, BSN

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Daniel K. Benjamin Jr, MD, PhD, MHS

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • L. Barth Reller, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Benjamin A. Lee, BA

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • G. Ralph Corey, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Vance G. Fowler Jr, MD, MHS

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

References 

  1. Arvanitidou M, Katikaridou E, Douboyas J, Tsakris A. Prognostic factors for nosocomial bacteraemia outcome: a prospective study in a Greek teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2005;61(3):219–224
  2. Banerjee SN, Emori TG, Culver DH, et al. Secular trends in nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in the United States, 1980-1989 (National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System). Am J Med. 1991;91(3B):86S–89S
  3. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK, et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(2):239–244
  4. Bates DW, Cook EF, Goldman L, Lee TH. Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients (A prospectively validated model). Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(7):495–500
  5. Bates DW, Sands K, Miller E, et al. Predicting bacteremia in patients with sepsis syndrome (Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group). J Infect Dis. 1997;176(6):1538–1551
  6. Groeneveld AB, Bossink AW, van Mierlo GJ, Hack CE. Circulating inflammatory mediators in patients with fever: predicting bloodstream infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001;8(6):1189–1195
  7. Mylotte JM, Tayara A. Blood cultures: clinical aspects and controversies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19(3):157–163
  8. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest. 1999;115(2):462–474
  9. Fowler VG, Justice A, Moore C, et al. Risk factors for hematogenous complications of intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(5):695–703
  10. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(8):520–532
  11. Mylotte JM, McDermott C, Spooner JA. Prospective study of 114 consecutive episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(5):891–907
  12. Fowler VG, Olsen MK, Corey GR, et al. Clinical identifiers of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(17):2066–2072
  13. Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, Rybak MJ. Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(11):1418–1423
  14. Julander I, Svanbom M. Prediction of staphylococcal etiology among patients with septicemia with or without endocarditis by multivariate statistical methods. Scand J Infect Dis. 1985;17(1):37–46
  15. Leibovici L, Gransden WR, Eykyn SJ, et al. Clinical index to predict bacteraemia caused by staphylococci. J Intern Med. 1993;234(1):83–89
  16. Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, et al. Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(10):791–797
  17. Steyerberg EW, Harrell FE, Borsboom GJ, et al. Internal validation of predictive models: efficiency of some procedures for logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(8):774–781
  18. Poses RM, Anthony M. Availability, wishful thinking, and physicians' diagnostic judgments for patients with suspected bacteremia. Med Decis Making. 1991;11(3):159–168
  19. Jaimes F, Arango C, Ruiz G, et al. Predicting bacteremia at the bedside. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(3):357–362
  20. Tokuda Y, Miyasato H, Stein GH. A simple prediction algorithm for bacteraemia in patients with acute febrile illness. QJM. 2005;98(11):813–820
  21. Mylotte JM, Pisano MA, Ram S, et al. Validation of a bacteremia prediction model. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16(4):203–209
  22. Yehezkelli Y, Subah S, Elhanan G, et al. Two rules for early prediction of bacteremia: testing in a university and a community hospital. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11(2):98–103
  23. Paul M, Andreassen S, Nielsen AD, et al. Prediction of bacteremia using TREAT, a computerized decision-support system. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(9):1274–1282
  24. Lentino JR, Baddour LM, Wray M, et al. Staphylococcus Aureus and other bacteremias in hemodialysis patients: antibiotic therapy and surgical removal of access site. Infection. 2000;28(6):355–360
  25. Latos DL, Stone WJ, Alford RH. Staphylococcus Aureus bacteremia in hemodialysis patients. J Dial. 1977;1(5):399–418
  26. Stryjewski ME, Szczech LA, Benjamin DK, et al. Use of vancomycin or first-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(2):190–196
  27. Huang SS, Platt R. Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after previous infection or colonization. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(3):281–285
  28. von Eiff C, Becker K, Machka K, et al. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (Study Group). N Engl J Med. 2001;344(1):11–16
  29. Pujol M, Pena C, Pallares R, et al. Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains. Am J Med. 1996;100(5):509–516
  30. Van Dissel JT, Schijf V, Vogtlander N, et al. Implications of chills. Lancet. 1998;352(9125):374
  31. Tokuda Y, Miyasato H, Stein GH, Kishaba T. The degree of chills for risk of bacteremia in acute febrile illness. Am J Med. 2005;118(12):1417
  32. Clarke DE, Kimelman J, Raffin TA. The evaluation of fever in the intensive care unit. Chest. 1991;100(1):213–220
  33. Weems JJ, Steinberg JP, Filler S, et al. Phase II, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing the safety and pharmacokinetics of tefibazumab to placebo for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(8):2751–2755

 Funding: This work was supported by a grant from Inhibitex, Inc. Inhibitex did not intervene in: design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

 Conflicts of Interest: Martin E. Stryjewski has consulted for Astellas (<$10,000), and has received a research grant (>$10,000) and is a consultant for Theravance Inc. (>$10,000/year). Vivian H. Chu has received a research grant from Theravance Inc. Vance G. Fowler has received research funding from Theravance, Merck, Nabi (<US$10,000/year), Inhibitex, Cubist, and the National Institute of Health; is a consultant for Biosynexus, Inhibitex, Merck, Cerexa, and Cubist; and is on the speaker's bureaus for Cubist and Pfizer. G. Ralph Corey has received research funding from Theravance, Cubist, Merck, and Inhibitex; and is a consultant for Cubist, Inhibitex, Cerexa, and Pfizer. Daniel K. Benjamin Jr. has received a research grant from Nabi, Cape Cod Associates, Astellas, MedImmune, Pediatrix, Rockeby, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Tina Harding, Laura A. Drew, Paul A. Pappas, Benjamin A. Lee, Zeina A. Kanafani, and L. Barth Reller have no conflicts.

 Authorship: All authors had full access to the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

PII: S0002-9343(08)01063-2

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.040

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 3 , Pages 281-289.e2 , March 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution