Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Practitioner's Guide for 2008

(A) Prevalence of lipid abnormalities in various populations of men in the United States. (B) Prevalence of lipid abnormalities in various populations of women in the United States. For cholesterol, 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L; for triglyceride, 1 mg/dL = 0.01129 mmol/L. Asian/PI = Asian/Pacific Islander; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mex-Am = Mexican American; NHW = non–Hispanic white. Data were not available for Asian/Pacific Islander women. (Reprinted with permission from Am J Med.⁴)

(A) One type of global risk educational tool adapted from the American Heart Association (AHA). (B) Suggested approach for risk assessment and treatment of patients, based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III guidelines. For cholesterol, 1 mg/dL = 0.02586 mmol/L; for triglyceride, 1 mg/dL = 0.01129 mmol/L. BP = blood pressure; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHD = coronary heart disease; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TLCs = therapeutic lifestyle changes. (Adapted from Circulation,⁶ JAMA,¹¹ and Curr Med Res Opin.¹³)

Range of effects on lipids of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), niacin, and fibrates. Bars represent maximum expected effect, and lines across bars indicate minimum expected effect. Magnitude of effect is dependent on the dose and type of each class of drugs. HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG = triglyceride. (Adapted from JAMA.¹¹)

Least-squares mean percentage change from baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statin doses (from the STELLAR [Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rosuvastatin versus Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, and Simvastatin in Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia] trial). (Adapted from Am J Cardiol³³ and adapted with permission from Curr Med Res Opin.³⁴)