The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 345-347 , April 2009

Post-Pacemaker Pulsations

References 

  1. Link MS, Estes NAM, Griffin JJ, et al. Complications of dual chamber pacemaker implantation in the elderly. J Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiol. 1998;2:175–179
  2. Kiviniemi MS, Pirnes MA, Eränen JK, et al. Complications related to permanent pacemaker therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1999;22:711–720
  3. Mahapatra S, Bybee KA, Bunch TJ, et al. Incidence and predictors of cardiac perforation after permanent pacemaker implantation. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2:907–911
  4. Darouiche RO. Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1422–1429
  5. Ellenbogen KA, Wood MA, Shepard RK. Delayed complications following pacemaker implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:1155–1158
  6. Khan MN, Joseph G, Khaykin Y. Delayed lead perforation: a disturbing trend. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28:251–253
  7. Geyfman V, Storm RH, Lico SC, Oren JW. Cardiac tamponade as complication of active-fixation atrial lead perforations: proposed mechanism and management algorithm. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30:498–501
  8. Trohman RG, Kim MH, Pinski SL. Cardiac pacing: the state of the art. Lancet. 2004;364:1701–1719
  9. Greenberg S, Lawton J, Chen J. Right ventricular lead perforation presenting as left chest wall muscle stimulation. Circulation. 2005;111:e451–e452
  10. Burney K, Burchard F, Papouchado M, Wilde P. Cardiac pacing systems and implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs): a radiological perspective of equipment, anatomy, and complications. Clin Radiol. 2004;59:699–708
  11. Henrikson CA, Leng CT, Yuh DD, Brinker JA. Computed tomography to assess possible cardiac lead perforation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29:509–511
  12. Hirschl DA, Jain VR, Spindola-Franco H. Prevalence and characterization of asymptomatic pacemaker and ICD lead perforation on CT. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30:28–32
  13. García-Bolao I, Teijeira R, Díaz-Dorronsoro I. Late fatal right ventricular perforation as complication of permanent pacing leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24:1036–1037
  14. Sivakumaran S, Irwin ME, Gulamhusein SS, Senaratne MPJ. Postpacemaker implant pericarditis: incidence and outcomes with active-fixation leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:833–837

 Michael A. Bettmann, MD, Section Editor

 Funding: None.

 Conflict of Interest: All authors report no conflict of interest.

 Authorship: All authors were involved in the clinical care of the patient, had access to the clinical data, participated in the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript.

PII: S0002-9343(08)00993-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.007

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 4 , Pages 345-347 , April 2009

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