« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 3
, Pages 290-300
, March 2009
Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy in Reducing Blood Pressure: Meta-analysis on 11,000 Participants from 42 Trials
References
- Guidelines for the management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004 – BHSIV. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18:139–185
- CG18 Hypertension (persistently high blood pressure) in adults—NICE guideline. Available at: www.nice.org.uk.
- The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (The JNC 7 Report). JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2573
- . Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007;25:1105–1187
- . Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ. 2003;326:1427–1434
- A multifactorial trial design to assess combination therapy in hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1461–1468
- . Low-dose combination therapy in hypertension. Am Fam Physician. 1997;56:1275–1279
- . Fixed-dose combinations as first-line treatment for hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;48:416–425
- . International variation in prescribing antihypertensive drugs: its extent and possible explanations. BMC Health Serv Res. 2005;5:21
- Atenolol and chlorthalidone in combination for hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7:357–363
- Double-blind factorial trial of prindolol and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension. Med J Aust. 1976;1:650–653
- . Effects of timolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood-pressure and plasma renin activity. Lancet. 1976;2:328–331
- Effects of once daily indapamide and pindolol on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity in a general practice setting. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;22:191–196
- Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of single and combined atenolol regimens. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;32:61–65
- . Effectiveness of antihypertensive medications in office and ambulatory settings: a placebo-controlled comparison of atenolol, metoprolol, chlorthalidone, verapamil, and an atenolol-chlorthalidone combination. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;32:564–570
- b Blockade, diuretics, and salt restriction for the management of mild hypertension: a randomised double blind trial. BMJ. 1984;289:406–409
- First-line therapy option with low-dose bisoprolol fumarate and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35:182–188
- . Placebo-controlled comparison of the effects of nebivolol and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide as monotherapies and in combination on blood pressure and lipid profile in hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 1994;8:283–288
- . Low-dose bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide: an option in first-line, antihypertensive treatment. Clin Ther. 1993;15:779–787
- . The effect of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and on the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;39:327–332
- Quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide combination for control of hypertension: assessment by factorial design. J Hum Hypertens. 1994;8:155–162
- Effects of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system, and atrial natriuretic factor in essential hypertension: a double blind factorial cross-over study. Aust NZ J Med. 1986;16:475–480
- . Antihypertensive effectiveness of low-dose lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:737–743
- . Effects of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide, given alone and in low- and high-dose combinations, on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5:17–24
- Combined versus single effect of fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1994;23(Suppl I):I-207–I-210
- . Comparative study of once-daily administration of captopril 50 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and their combination in mild to moderate hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;23(Suppl 1):89S–92S
- Use of the factorial design and quadratic response surface models to evaluate the fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:117–123
- . Cilazapril plus hydrochlorothiazide: improved efficacy without reduced safety in mild to moderate hypertension. Cardiology. 1994;85:311–322
- Ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in hypertension: a clinical trial of factorial design. J Hypertens. 1993;11:217–221
- An assessment of diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension. JAMA. 1990;263:1507–1512
- A randomized, controlled trial comparing diltiazem, hydrochlorothiazide, and their combination in the therapy of essential hypertension. Pharmacotherapy. 1993;13:487–493
- The combination of chlorthalidone with nifedipine does not exert an additive antihypertensive effect in essential hypertensives: a crossover multicenter study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;17:332–335
- A dose escalation trial comparing the combination of diltiazem SR and hydrochlorothiazide with the monotherapies in patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1992;6:133–138
- Lacidipine, hydrochlorothiazide and their combination in systolic hypertension in the elderly. J Hypertens. 1997;15:1503–1510
- A 16-week, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial to quantify the combined effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a β-blocker on blood pressure reduction. Clin Ther. 2008;30:2030–2039
- Enalapril and atenolol in essential hypertension: attenuation of hypertensive effects in combination. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1988;10:119–133
- . Effect of calcium antagonists on ambulatory blood pressure and its variations. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1987;10(Suppl 10):S117–S119
- Combination of verapamil and beta-blockers in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57:80D–82D
- An assessment of lacidipine and atenolol in mild to moderate hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;37:45–51
- Comparison of once daily atenolol, nitrendipine and their combination in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;29:455–463
- Cardiovascular responses to verapamil and propranolol in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 1985;3(Suppl 3):219–221
- Diltiazem and atenolol in essential hypertension: additivity of effects on blood pressure and cardiac conduction with combination therapy. J Hypertens. 1990;8:1015–1018
- Additive effects of diltiazem and lisinopril in treatment of elderly patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:743–749
- Comparison of the fixed combination of enalapril/diltiazem ER and their monotherapies in stage 1 to 3 essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11:23–30
- Comparison of amlodipine and benazepril monotherapy to amlodipine plus benazepril in patients with systemic hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35:1060–1066
- Treatment of patients with essential hypertension: amlodipine 5 mg/benazepril 10 mg compared with amlodipine 5 mg, benazepril 20 mg, and placebo. Clin Ther. 1996;18:1213–1224
- Additive effects of verapamil and enalapril in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:494–499
- . Effects of verapamil and trandolapril in the treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998;11:322–327
- . Verapamil SR and trandolapril combination therapy in hypertension—a clinical trial of factorial design. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;45:491–495
- . Antihypertensive profiles with ascending dose combinations of ramipril and felodipine ER. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1999;21:1447–1462
- . Effects of verapamil SR, trandolapril, and their fixed combination on 24-h blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:492–499
- . Lowering blood pressure to prevent myocardial infarction and strokes: a new preventive strategy. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7:31
- Matrix study of irbesartan with hydrochlorothiazide in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12:797–805
- Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension (A multiple dose, double-blind, placebo controlled trial comparing combination therapy with monotherapy). J Hum Hypertens. 1998;12:861–866
- Losartan and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:278–285
- The Combination of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate in Controlling High Blood Pressure: COACH, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week factorial efficacy and safety study. Clin Ther. 2008;30:587–604
- . Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data from one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903–1913
- . Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 2009;In press
- Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet. 1998;351:1755–1762
- The felodipine event reduction (FEVER) Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2005;23:2157–2172
- Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. JAMA. 1998;270:713–724
- . Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes (the second Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes (ABCD) trial). Kidney Int. 2002;61:1086–1097
- Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria. Circulation. 2004;110:2809–2816
Funding: None.
Conflict of Interest: Nicholas J. Wald and Malcolm Law hold patents (EU1272220 and GB2361186) for a combination pill for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (Polypill) and together with David Wald have interests in its development.
Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript.
PII: S0002-9343(08)00992-3
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.038
© 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 122, Issue 3
, Pages 290-300
, March 2009

