The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 8, Supplement 1 , Pages S2-S7 , August 2008

Relating Cardiovascular Risk to Out-of-Office Blood Pressure and the Importance of Controlling Blood Pressure 24 Hours a Day

  • William B. White, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to William B. White, MD, Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.

References 

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  8. Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA, et al. Office Versus Ambulatory Pressure Study Investigators Prognostic value of ambulatory blood-pressure recordings in patients with treated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2407–2415
  9. Giles TD. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the relation to cardiovascular events. J Hypertens Suppl. 2006;24:S11–S16
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  13. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252
  14. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals (Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. A statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research). Circulation. 2005;111:697–716
  15. White WB. Clinical assessment of early morning blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Prev Cardiol. 2007;10:210–214
  16. Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C, et al. Effects of time of day of treatment on ambulatory blood pressure pattern of patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;46:1053–1059
  17. Glasser SP, Neutel JM, Gana TJ, Albert KS. Efficacy and safety of a once daily graded-release diltiazem formulation in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16:51–58
  18. White WB, Lacourciere Y, Gana T, Pasqual MG, Smith DH, Albert KS. Effects of graded-release diltiazem versus ramipril, dosed at bedtime, on early morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the rate-pressure product. Am Heart J. 2004;148:628–634
  19. White WB, Sica DA, Calhoun D, Mansoor GA, Anders RJ. Preventing increases in early-morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the rate-pressure product with controlled onset extended release verapamil at bedtime versus enalapril, losartan, and placebo on arising. Am Heart J. 2002;144:657–665
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  23. White WB, Weber MA, Davidai G, Neutel JM, Bakris GL, Giles T. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the primary care setting: assessment of therapy on the circadian variation of blood pressure from the MICCAT-2 Trial. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10:157–163

 Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.

PII: S0002-9343(08)00502-0

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.05.016

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 8, Supplement 1 , Pages S2-S7 , August 2008

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