The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 7, Supplement 2 , Pages S28-S35 , July 2008

Barriers to Adult Immunization

  • David R. Johnson, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Scientific and Medical Affairs, sanofi pasteur Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to David R. Johnson, MD, MPH, Sanofi Pasteur Inc., One Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania 18017.
    • ,
  • Kristin L. Nichol, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Medicine Service, VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
    • ,
  • Kim Lipczynski, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Project Management, Adelphi Research by Design, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48(RR12):241–243
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0-18 years—United States, 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;55(RR51):Q1–Q4
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommended adult immunization schedule—United States, October 2006–September 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:Q1–Q4
  4. US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010 [CDC Web site]. http://wonder.cdc.gov/data2010/obj.htmAccessed July 23, 2007
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Statistics and surveillance [CDC Web site]. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/downloads/general-99.pdfAccessed July 23, 2007
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Reasons reported by Medicare beneficiaries for not receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations—United States, 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:886–890
  7. Nichol KL, MacDonald R, Hauge M. Factors associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination behavior among high-risk adults. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11:673–677
  8. Mieczkowski TA, Wilson SA. Adult pneumococcal vaccination: a review of physician and patient barriers. Vaccine. 2002;20:1383–1392
  9. Santibanez TA, Nowalk MP, Zimmerman RK, et al. Knowledge and beliefs about influenza, pneumococcal disease, and immunizations among older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1711–1716
  10. Zimmerman RK, Santibanez TA, Janosky JE, et al. What affects influenza vaccination rates among older patients? (An analysis from inner-city, suburban, rural, and Veterans Affairs practices). Am J Med. 2003;114:31–38
  11. Zimmerman RK, Nowalk MP, Raymund M, et al. Tailored interventions to increase influenza vaccination in neighborhood health centers serving the disadvantaged. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1699–1705
  12. Adler GS. Influenza vaccination and self-reported reasons for not receiving influenza vaccination among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years—United States, 1991-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:1012–1015
  13. Szilagyi PG, Shone LP, Barth R, et al. Physician practices and attitudes regarding adult immunization. Prev Med. 2005;40:152–161
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adult immunization programs in nontraditional settings: quality standards and guidance for program evaluation. A report of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49(RR01):1–13
  15. Middleton DB, Fox DE, Nowalk MP, et al. Overcoming barriers to establishing an inpatient vaccination program for pneumococcus using standing orders. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26:874–881
  16. Rimple D, Weiss SJ, Brett M, Ernst AA. An emergency department-based vaccination program: overcoming the barriers for adults at high risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:922–930
  17. Shefer A, Briss P, Rodewald L, et al. Improving immunization coverage rates: an evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev. 1999;21:96–142
  18. Szilagyi PG, Bordley C, Vann JC, et al. Effect of patient reminder/recall interventions on immunization rates: a review. JAMA. 2000;284:1820–1827
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Missed opportunities for pneumococcal and influenza vaccination of Medicare pneumonia inpatients—12 Western states, 1995. MMWR. 1997;46:919–923
  20. Hebert PL, Frick KD, Kane RL, McBean AM. The causes of racial and ethnic differences in influenza vaccination rates among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Health Serv Res. 2005;40:517–537
  21. Chen JY, Fox SA, Cantrell CH, et al. Health disparities and prevention: racial/ethnic barriers to flu vaccinations. J Community Health. 2007;32:5–20
  22. Prislin R, Sawyer MH, De Guire M, et al. Missed opportunities to immunize: psychosocial and practice correlates. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22:165–169
  23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccine-preventable diseases: improving vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48(RR08):1–16
  24. Poland GA, Shefer AM, McCauley M, et al. National Vaccine Advisory Committee, Ad Hoc Working Group for the Development of Standards for Adult Immunization Practices Standards for adult immunization practices. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25:144–150

 Adelphi Research by Design was supported by a grant from sanofi pasteur Inc. to conduct this research.

 Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.

PII: S0002-9343(08)00468-3

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.05.005

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 7, Supplement 2 , Pages S28-S35 , July 2008

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