« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 2
, Pages 149-157.e2
, February 2008
Meta-analysis: Metformin Treatment in Persons at Risk for Diabetes Mellitus
References
- . Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1414–1431
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA. 2004;291:2847–2850
- Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA. 2003;290:1884–1890
- . Lipid management in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:26E–32E
- Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143–3421
- . Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study. JAMA. 1978;38:46–51
- Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:229–234
- . The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke and death. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1422–1426
- Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(Suppl 1):S4–S36
- Definition of metabolic syndrome (Report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific Issues related to definition). Circulation. 2004;109:433–438
- . Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;51:779–786
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343–1350
- Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance (The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study). Diabetes Care. 1997;20:537–544
- The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:611–619
- The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia. 2006;49:289–297
- Lifestyle intervention in overweight individuals with a family history of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:350–359
- . Prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: a Japanese trial in IGT males. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;67:152–162
- Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:130–139
- Predictive value of glucose-insulin ratio in PCOS and profile of women who will benefit from metformin therapy: obese, lean, hyper or normoinsulinemic?. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;123:204–211
- . Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22:719–748
- Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1985;27:335–371
- Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–419
- Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:57–63
- . Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ. 2003;326:219
- . Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–188
- Metformin improves peripheral vascular flow in nonhyperlipidemic patients with arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984;6:914–923
- Metformin improves glucose, lipid metabolism, and reduces blood pressure in hypertensive, obese women. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:1387–1390
- Effects of diet and metformin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens, and insulin in hirsute and obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:2057–2062
- Effect of weight change and metformin on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor in obese nondiabetic subjects: the BIGPRO1 Study (Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity). Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1967–1972
- Effect of metformin on patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet Med. 1999;16:477–481
- Metformin treatment leads to an increase in basal, but not insulin-stimulated, glucose disposal in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet Med. 1999;16:650–655
- Treatment with metformin of non-diabetic men with hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and central fat distribution: the BIGPRO 1.2 trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2000;16:2–7
- Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:139–146
- Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2767–2774
- . The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics. 2001;107:E55
- Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents. Metabolism. 2001;50:1457–1461
- Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet Med. 2001;18:578–583
- . Effects of metformin on ovulation rate, hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovaries: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:1625–1631
- . The effect of metformin on hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147:217–221
- . Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:101–106
- . Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;53:469–473
- . Clinical, metabolic and endocrine parameters in response to metformin in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Horm Metab Res. 2003;35:86–91
- Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:893–902
- Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60:241–249
- A randomized, 48-week, placebo-controlled trial of intensive lifestyle modification and/or metformin therapy in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:421–429
- . Effect of metformin vs. placebo treatment on serum fatty acids in non-diabetic obese insulin resistant individuals. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004;71:391–397
- . The effect of metformin and rosiglitazone on postprandial lipid metabolism in obese insulin-resistant subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7:381–389
- . Effects of metformin on the body composition in subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005;7:189–192
- Long term cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective, randomised study. Heart. 2005;91:589–594
- Metformin improves endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Intern Med. 2005;258:250–256
- . Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metformin for adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:241–246
- Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:569–574
- Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2074–2080
- Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study). Hum Reprod. 2006;21:80–89
- The effect of metformin on the metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body fat distribution (BIGPRO Study Group). Diabetes Care. 1996;19:920–926
- Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393–403
- Body size and shape changes and the risk of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. Diabetes. 2007;56:1680–1685
- Effects of withdrawal from metformin on the development of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:977–980
- Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:961–969
- . Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:481–486
- . Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up study. Lancet. 1992;340:925–929
- . Insulin resistance: from benign to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2003;4(Suppl 6):S3–S10
- The determinants of glycemic responses to diet restriction and weight loss in obesity and NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:687–694
- Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes. 1999;48:839–847
- . Long-term changes in insulin action and insulin secretion associated with gain, loss, regain and maintenance of body weight. Diabetologia. 2000;43:36–46
- Long-term improvement in insulin sensitivity by changing lifestyles of people with impaired glucose tolerance: 4-year results from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes. 2003;52:2532–2538
- Changes in body weight and body fat distribution as risk factors for clinical diabetes in US men. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:1150–1159
- Glucose metabolism and coronary heart disease in patients with normal glucose tolerance. JAMA. 2004;291:1857–1863
- Hemoglobin A1c level and future cardiovascular events among women. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:757–761
- HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1135–1141
- HDL-cholesterol as a marker of coronary heart disease risk: the Quebec cardiovascular study. Atherosclerosis. 2000;153:263–272
- Relationship of baseline serum cholesterol levels in 3 large cohorts of younger men to long-term coronary, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality and to longevity. JAMA. 2000;284:311–318
- . Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349–1357
- Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998;279:1615–1622
- The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels (Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators). N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001–1009
- Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events (VA-HIT: a randomized controlled trial). JAMA. 2001;285:1585–1591
- . Potential contribution of metformin to the management of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with abdominal obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2003;29(4 Pt 2):6S53–6S61
- . Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998;352:854–865
- . Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005;22:497–502
- The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:323–332
- . Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;327:951–953
- . Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:281–303
- . Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 2005;65:385–411
- Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2345–2351
- . Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:925–927
- . Biguanide related lactic acidosis: incidence and risk factors. Arch Med Res. 1992;23:19–24
- Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes treated with metformin. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:265–266
- Lactic acidosis rates in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1659–1663
- . Lactic acidosis in biguanide-treated diabetics: a review of 330 cases. Diabetologia. 1978;14:75–87
- . Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2594–2602
- . Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;CD002967
- Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1096–1105
- . Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2457–2471
Supported by the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and Cornell University.
PII: S0002-9343(07)00988-6
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.09.016
© 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 2
, Pages 149-157.e2
, February 2008

