The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 3 , Pages 226-230 , March 2008

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Hospitalized with Nephrotic Syndrome

  • Fadi Kayali, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Mich
    • ,
  • Reiad Najjar, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Mich
    • ,
  • Firas Aswad, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Mich
    • ,
  • Fadi Matta, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Mich
    • ,
  • Paul D. Stein, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Mich
    • Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich.
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Paul D. Stein, MD, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, 44405 Woodward Avenue, Pontiac, MI 48341-5023.

References 

  1. Andrassy K, Oertel PJ, Mehls O, et al. Thromboembolic complications and haemostasis in the nephrotic syndrome—is there a difference between children and adults?. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1982;19:597–601
  2. Andrassy K, Ritz E, Bommer J. Hypercoagulability in the Nephrotic syndrome. Klin Wochenschr. 1980;58:1029–1036
  3. Cade R, Spooner G, Juncos L, et al. Chronic renal vein thrombosis. Am J Med. 1977;63:387–397
  4. Cameron JS. Coagulation and thromboembolic complications in the nephrotic syndrome. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp. 1984;13:75–114
  5. Chugh KS, Malik N, Uberoi HS, et al. Renal vein thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome—a prospective study and review. Postgrad Med J. 1981;57:566–570
  6. Kanfer A, Kleinknecht D, Broyer M, Josso F. Coagulation studies in 45 cases of nephrotic syndrome without uremia. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1970;24:562–571
  7. Kendall AG, Lohmann RC, Dossetor JB. Nephrotic syndrome (A hypercoagulable state). Arch Intern Med. 1971;127:1021–1027
  8. Kauffmann RH, Veltkamp JJ, Van Tilburg NH, Van Es LA. Acquired antithrombin III deficiency and thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. Am J Med. 1978;65:607–613
  9. Kuhlmann U, Steurer J, Rhyner K, et al. Platelet aggregation and beta-thromboglobulin levels in nephrotic patients with and without thrombosis. Clin Nephrol. 1981;15:229–235
  10. Llach F, Papper S, Massry SG. The clinical spectrum of renal vein thrombosis: acute and chronic. Am J Med. 1980;69:819–826
  11. Llach F, Koffler A, Finck E, Massry SG. On the incidence of renal vein thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:333–336
  12. Llach F, Arieff AI, Massry SG. Renal vein thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome (A prospective study of 36 adult patients). Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:8–14
  13. Mehls O, Andrassy K, Koderisch J, et al. Hemostasis and thromboembolism in children with nephrotic syndrome: differences from adults. J Pediatr. 1987;110:862–867
  14. Trew PA, Biava CG, Jacobs RP, Hopper J. Renal vein thrombosis in membranous glomerulonephropathy: incidence and association. Medicine. 1978;57:69–82
  15. Velasquez Forero F, Garcia Prugue N, Ruiz Morales N. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of the adult with asymptomatic thrombosis of the renal vein. Am J Nephrol. 1988;8:457–462
  16. Wagoner RD, Stanson AW, Holley KE, Winter CS. Renal vein thrombosis in idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy and nephrotic syndrome: incidence and significance. Kidney Int. 1983;23:368–374
  17. Lilova MI, Velkovski IG, Topalov IB. Thromboembolic complications in children with nephrotic syndrome in Bulgaria (1974-1996). Pediatr Nephrol. 2000;15:74–78
  18. Cameron JS, Turner DR, Ogg CS, et al. The nephrotic syndrome in adults with ’minimal change’ glomerular lesions. Q J Med. 1974;43:461–488
  19. Cherng SC, Huang WS, Wang YF, et al. The role of lung scintigraphy in the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with pulmonary embolism. Clin Nucl Med. 2000;25:167–172
  20. Hoyer PF, Gonda S, Barthels M, et al. Thromboembolic complications in children with nephrotic syndrome (Risk and incidence). Acta Paediatr Scand. 1986;75:804–810
  21. Llach F. Hypercoagulability, renal vein thrombosis, and other thrombotic complications of nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 1985;28:429–439
  22. Kutcher R, Cohen JR, Gordon DH. Glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome complicated by renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli: report of two cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1977;128:447–449
  23. Singhal R, Brimble KS. Thromboembolic complications in the nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical management. Thromb Res. 2006;118:397–407
  24. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Discharge Survey 1979-2004, Multi-year Public-Use Data File Documentation. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nhds.htm

PII: S0002-9343(07)00981-3

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.08.042

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 3 , Pages 226-230 , March 2008

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