« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 2
, Pages 98-104
, February 2008
Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Atypical Antipsychotic Medications
References
- Mortality in schizophrenia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15:873–879
- . Antipsychotic prescribing practices in the Veterans Healthcare Administration—New York metropolitan region. Schizophr Bull. 2002;28:31–42
- . New-onset type-2 diabetes associated with atypical antipsychotic medications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006;30:919–923
- . Undiagnosed hyperglycemia in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:1463–1467
- . Hyperglycemia and diabetes in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:786–791
- . Do certain atypical antipsychotics increase the risk of diabetes? (A critical review of 17 pharmacoepidemiologic studies). Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2006;18:183–194
- . Atypical antipsychotic agents and increased risk of diabetes: class action or differential action?. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005;4:55–68
- . Association between atypical antipsychotic agents and type 2 diabetes: review of prospective clinical data. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;47(Suppl):S87–S93
- . Antipsychotics and the risk of diabetes: a general data review. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20(Suppl 4):S349–S357
- A retrospective cohort study of diabetes mellitus and antipsychotic treatment in the United States. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:164–170
- . Atypical antipsychotic drugs directly impair insulin action in adipocytes: effects on glucose transport, lipogenesis, and antilipolysis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:765–772
- Olanzapine treatment is associated with reduced high molecular weight adiponectin in serum: a potential mechanism for olanzapine-induced insulin resistance in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26:232–237
- . Effects of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine on reproductive function and weight gain in female rats. J Psychopharmacol. 2004;18:149–155
- Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine or quetiapine: a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:789–797
- Hormonal and metabolic effects of olanzapine and clozapine related to body weight in rodents. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14:36–51
- . Atypical antipsychotics and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:504–514
- Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:337–345
- . Dramatic worsening of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to olanzapine after 3 years of therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21:1444–1447
- Acute effects of atypical antipsychotics on whole-body insulin resistance in rats: implications for adverse metabolic effects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:289–297
- Hyperglycemic clamp assessment of insulin secretory responses in normal subjects treated with olanzapine, risperidone, or placebo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:2918–2923
- . New ways in which GLP-1 can regulate glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:3406–3408
- Insulin resistance index and counter-regulatory factors during olanzapine or risperidone administration in subjects with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2007;89:350–352
- The antipsychotic drug sulpiride does not affect body weight in male rats (Is insulin resistance involved?). Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;447:91–98
- Dopamine D2-like receptors are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediate inhibition of insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:36824–36832
- . Fasting hyperglycemia impairs glucose- but not insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1778–1784
- Distinct endocrine effects of chronic haloperidol or risperidone administration in male rats. Neuropharmacology. 2006;51:1129–1136
- . Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the human obese gene. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:3971–3974
- . Hormonal regulation of appetite and food intake. Ann Med. 1998;30:7–20
- Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science. 1995;269:543–546
- Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science. 1995;269:546–549
- . Leptin in human reproduction: serum leptin levels in pregnant and lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:585–589
- Leptin stimulates the reproductive male axis in rats during sexual maturation by acting on hypothalamic excitatory amino acids. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005;113:135–138
- Role of leptin in hypothalamic-pituitary function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:1023–1028
- . Leptin’s actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms. Biol Reprod. 1999;60:216–222
- In vitro stimulation of the prepubertal rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator by leptin and neuropeptide Y through distinct mechanisms. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1464–1469
- Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:333–339
- . Localization of leptin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the corticotropes, somatotropes, and gonadotropes in the ovine anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1515–1520
- Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms: possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction. Nat Med. 1996;2:585–589
- Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:4144–4148
- Expression of functional leptin receptors in rodent Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 1999;140:4939–4947
- Serum pattern of circulating free leptin, bound leptin, and soluble leptin receptor in the physiological menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:398–402
- . Serum leptin and lactational amenorrhea in well-nourished and undernourished lactating women. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:988–994
- . The early effect of olanzapine and risperidone on insulin secretion in atypical-naive schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26:504–507
- . Serum leptin and triglyceride levels in patients on treatment with atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:598–604
- . Plasma nitric oxide and leptin values in patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain. J Psychiatr Res. 2007;41:74–79
- Early effects of olanzapine on serum levels of ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol. 2006;20:75–79
- Body weight and leptin plasma levels during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:312–314
- . Elevated levels of insulin, leptin, and blood lipids in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:742–749
- Serum leptin levels increase rapidly after initiation of clozapine therapy. Mol Psychiatry. 1998;3:76–80
- Plasma leptin and adiposity during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:184–191
- Effects of long-term treatment with antipsychotics on serum leptin levels. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:59–62
- Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying and hunger in normal-weight humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3296–3302
- Ghrelin in gastroenteric pathophysiology. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28:843–848
- Neuroendocrine and peripheral activities of ghrelin: implications in metabolism and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;440:235–254
- The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:2988
- Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999;402:656–660
- Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1169–1174
- A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature. 2001;409:194–198
- Differences in the appetite-stimulating effect of orexin, neuropeptide Y and ghrelin among young, adult and old rats. Neuroendocrinology. 2005;82:256–263
- . Low plasma ghrelin concentration is an indicator of the metabolic syndrome. Ann Med. 2006;38:274–279
- Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1983–1993
- Circulating ghrelin levels after food intake during different phases of the migrating motor complex in man. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006;36:503–508
- Correlation of serum ghrelin levels with body mass index and carbohydrate metabolism in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;68(Suppl 1):S60–S64
- Olanzapine increases plasma ghrelin level in patients with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30:106–110
- A prospective study of serum ghrelin levels in patients treated with clozapine. J Neural Transm. 2005;112:1411–1416
- Serum ghrelin concentrations in patients receiving olanzapine or risperidone. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004;172:230–232
- Hormonal correlates of clozapine-induced weight gain in psychotic children: an exploratory study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:925–933
- Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science. 1992;258:1946–1949
- Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2: a characterization of expression and adenylate cyclase modulation within the immune system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997;142:278–287
- CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated modulation of food intake in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;145:293–300
- Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature. 2001;410:822–825
- A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding. J Neurosci. 2002;22:9612–9617
- Characterization of the anandamide induced depolarization of guinea-pig isolated vagus nerve. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;137:39–48
- Cannabinoid CB1-receptor mediated regulation of gastrointestinal motility in mice in a model of intestinal inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 2001;134:563–570
- . The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 blocks the orexigenic effects of intrahypothalamic ghrelin. Br J Pharmacol. 2004;143:520–523
- The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:423–431
- Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3171–3180
- Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Neuroreport. 1999;10:1665–1669
- . Reduced binocular depth inversion in regular cannabis users. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75:789–793
- Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 1997;23:195–201
- CNR1, central cannabinoid receptor gene, associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7:515–518
- . Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain: relationship to motor and reward systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;654:19–32
- . Molecular aspects of cannabinoid receptors. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1997;11:143–166
- . The role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2001;25:743–765
- . Cannabis-associated psychosis: current status of research. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:895–910
- Cerebrospinal anandamide levels are elevated in acute schizophrenia and are inversely correlated with psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:2108–2114
- Blockade of cannabinoid (CB1) receptors by 141716 selectively antagonizes drug-induced reinstatement of exploratory behaviour in gerbils. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999;144:144–150
- . Placebo-controlled evaluation of four novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:975–984
- Cannabis induced dopamine release: an in-vivo SPECT study. Psychiatry Res. 2001;107:173–177
PII: S0002-9343(07)00935-7
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.08.036
© 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 2
, Pages 98-104
, February 2008

