The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 1 , Pages 50-57 , January 2008

Biomarkers to Predict Recurrent Cardiovascular Disease: The Heart and Soul Study

  • Michael G. Shlipak, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Section of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
    • Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
    • Dr. Shlipak was funded by R01 DK066488.
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Michael G. Shlipak, MD, MPH, 4150 Clement Street (111A1), San Francisco, CA 94121.
    • ,
  • Joachim H. Ix, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, University of California San Diego, Calif
    • ,
  • Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif.
    • ,
  • Feng Lin, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
    • ,
  • Mary A. Whooley, MD

      Affiliations

    • Section of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
    • Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif

References 

  1. Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, de Lemos JA, et al. Multimarker approach to risk stratification in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: simultaneous assessment of troponin I, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Circulation. 2002;105:1760–1763
  2. Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG, Varosy PD, et al. Risk factors and secondary prevention in women with heart disease: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:81–89
  3. Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Liu HH, et al. Association between renal insufficiency and inducible ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: the heart and soul study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:3233–3238
  4. Ruo B, Rumsfeld JS, Hlatky MA, et al. Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: the Heart and Soul Study. JAMA. 2003;290:215–221
  5. Erlandsen EJ, Randers E, Kristensen JH. Evaluation of the Dade Behring N Latex Cystatin C assay on the Dade Behring Nephelometer II System. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1999;59:1–8
  6. Beattie MS, Shlipak MG, Liu H, et al. C-reactive protein and ischemia in users and nonusers of beta-blockers and statins: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation. 2003;107:245–250
  7. Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Brandenburg VM, et al. Association between human fetuin-A and the metabolic syndrome: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation. 2006;113:1760–1767
  8. Ix JH, Chertow GM, Shlipak MG, et al. Fetuin-A and kidney function in persons with coronary artery disease—data from the heart and soul study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:2144–2151
  9. Luepker RV, Apple FS, Christenson RH, et al. Case definitions for acute coronary heart disease in epidemiology and clinical research studies: a statement from the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; AHA Statistics Committee; World Heart Federation Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Epidemiology and Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation. 2003;108:2543–2549
  10. Angeja BG, Shlipak MG, Go AS, et al. Hormone therapy and the risk of stroke after acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1297–1301
  11. Bibbins-Domingo K, Gupta R, Na B, et al. N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiovascular events, and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2007;297:169–176
  12. Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Chertow GM, Whooley MA. Association of cystatin C with mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident heart failure among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation. 2007;115:173–179
  13. McManus D, Shlipak M, Ix JH, et al. Association of cystatin C with poor exercise capacity and heart rate recovery: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49:365–372
  14. Pepe MS, Janes H, Longton G, et al. Limitations of the odds ratio in gauging the performance of a diagnostic, prognostic, or screening marker. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:882–890
  15. Blankenberg S, McQueen MJ, Smieja M, et al. Comparative impact of multiple biomarkers and N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in the context of conventional risk factors for the prediction of recurrent cardiovascular events in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study. Circulation. 2006;114:201–208
  16. Rothenbacher D, Koenig W, Brenner H. Comparison of N-terminal pro-B-natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and creatinine clearance for prognosis in patients with known coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2455–2460
  17. Morrow DA, Braunwald E. Future of biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes: moving toward a multimarker strategy. Circulation. 2003;108:250–252

 The Heart and Soul Study was supported by grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the American Federation for Aging Research, the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation, and the Nancy Kirwan Heart Research Fund. Dade Behring, Inc, paid for the cystatin C measurements. Roche Diagnostics paid for the Nt-proBNP assays.

PII: S0002-9343(07)00844-3

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.030

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 121, Issue 1 , Pages 50-57 , January 2008

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