The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S3-S8 , September 2007

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors: How Can We Improve Outcomes in the High-Risk Patient?

  • Scott M. Grundy, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Scott M. Grundy, MD, PhD, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9052.

References 

  1. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  2. Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, Smith SC, Lenfant C Conference Participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109:433–438
  3. Smith SC, Allen J, Blair SN, et al. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [published correction appears in Circulation. 2006;113:e847] Circulation. 2006;113:2363–2372
  4. Grundy SM. Diabetes and coronary risk equivalency: what does it mean?. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:457–460
  5. Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1093–1100
  6. Grundy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(suppl 4A):18B–25B
  7. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. [published correction appears in Circulation. 2005;112:e297–e298] Circulation. 2005;112:2735–2752
  8. Shepherd J, Barter P, Carmena R, et al. Treating to New Targets Investigators Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels inpatients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1220–1226
  9. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1425–1435
  10. Deedwania P, Barter P, Carmena R, et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet. 2006;368:919–928
  11. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the American Heart Association Implications of recent trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227–239
  12. Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. [published correction appears in BMJ 2002;324:141] BMJ. 2002;324:71–86
  13. He J, Whelton PK. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 1999;138(pt 2):211–219
  14. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:598–615
  15. Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, et al. Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:13–18
  16. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Haffner SM, Solomon CG, Willett WC, Manson JE. Elevated risk of cardiovascular disease prior to clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1129–1134
  17. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393–403
  18. Knowler WC, Hamman RF, Edelstein SL, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes. 2005;54:1150–1156

PII: S0002-9343(07)00543-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.005

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S3-S8 , September 2007

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