The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 2 , Pages 143-145 , February 2007

A Gut Reaction?

  • Sanjay J. Ayirookuzhi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Sanjay J. Ayirookuzhi, MD, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, Sacramento, CA 95817.
    • ,
  • Neelima Chintapalli, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Hematology-Oncology/Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
    • ,
  • Xin Gu, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
    • ,
  • Glenn M. Mills, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Hematology-Oncology/Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport

References 

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  2. Deutsch E, Frischauf H, Gruenberger V. Zwischenfaelle der Dicumarolbehandlung und ihre Therapie. Z Klin Med. 1950;147:324–333
  3. Verhagen H. Local hemorrhage and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues, during anticoagulant therapy with dicumarol or dicumacyl. Acta Med Scand. 1954;148:453–467
  4. Wankmuller H, Ellbruck D, Seifried E. Pathophysiologie, klinik und therapie der Cumarin-nekrose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1991;116:1322–1330
  5. Nalbandian RM, Mader IJ, Barrett JL, Pearce JF, Rupp EC. Petechiae, ecchymoses, and necrosis of skin induced by coumarin congeners: rare, occasionally lethal complication of anticoagulant therapy. JAMA. 1965;192:603–608
  6. Bauer KA. Coumarin-Induced Skin Necrosis. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:766–768
  7. McCarter JC, Bingham JB, Meyer OO. Studies on Hemorrhagic Agent 3,3’—Methylenebis (4-Hydroxycoumarin). Amer J Path. 1944;20:651–657
  8. Slutzki S, Bogokowsky H, Gilboa Y, Halpern Z. Coumadin-induced skin necrosis. Int J Dermatol. 1984;23:117–119
  9. Vigano D’Angelo S, Comp PC, Esmon CT, D’Angelo A. Relationship between protein C antigen and anticoagulant activity during oral anticoagulation and in selected disease states. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:416–425
  10. Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, Rodgers GM, Paraskeras F, Glader B. Blood coagulation and fbrinolysis. In: Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003;p. 677–774
  11. Parsi K, Younger I, Gallo J. Warfarin-induced skin necrosis associated with acquired protein C deficiency. Australas J Dermatol. 2003;44:57–61
  12. Ng T, Tillyer ML. Warfarin-induced skin necrosis associated with factor V Leiden and protein S deficiency. Clin Lab Haematol. 2001;23:261–264
  13. DeFranzo AJ, Marasco P, Argenta LC. Warfarin-induced necrosis of the skin. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;34:203–208
  14. Cole MS, Minifee PK, Wolma FJ. Coumarin necrosis—a review of the literature. Surgery. 1988;103:271–277
  15. DiCato MA, Ellman L. Coumadin-induced necrosis of breast, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:233–234
  16. Champe PC, Harvey RA, Ferrier DR. Vitamins. In: Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004;p. 388–389
  17. Lipsky JJ. Antibiotic-associated hypoprothrombinaemia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988;21:281–300
  18. Cohen H, Scott SD, Mackie IJ, et al. The development of hypoprothrombinaemia following antibiotic therapy in malnourished patients with low serum vitamin K1 levels. Br J Haematol. 1988;68:63–66
  19. Humphries JE, Gardner JH, Connelly JE. Warfarin skin necrosis: recurrence in the absence of anticoagulant therapy. Am J Hematol. 1991;37:197–200
  20. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–1588
  21. Schramm W, Spannagl M, Bauer KA, et al. Treatment of coumarin-induced skin necrosis with a monoclonal antibody purified protein C concentrate. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:753–756
  22. Mester E, Tisza S, Csillag L, Mester A. Laser treatment of coumarin-induced skin necrosis. Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung. 1977;18:141–148
  23. Horn JR, Danziger LH, Davis RJ. Warfarin-induced Skin Necrosis: Report of Four Cases. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38:1763–1768
  24. Jillella AP, Lutcher CL. Reinstituting warfarin in patients who develop warfarin skin necrosis. Am J Hematol. 1996;52:117–119

 Parwathi “Uma” Paniker, MD, Section Editor

PII: S0002-9343(06)01418-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.12.008

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 2 , Pages 143-145 , February 2007

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