The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 7 , Pages 610-615 , July 2007

Body Weight Changes with β-Blocker Use: Results from GEMINI

  • Franz H. Messerli, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York City
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Franz H. Messerli, MD, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Cardiology 3B-30, 1000 10th Ave., New York, NY 10019.
    • ,
  • David S.H. Bell, MB

      Affiliations

    • University of Alabama, Birmingham
    • ,
  • Vivian Fonseca, MD

      Affiliations

    • Tulane University, New Orleans, La
    • ,
  • Richard E. Katholi, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. John’s Hospital, Springfield, Ill
    • ,
  • Janet B. McGill, MD

      Affiliations

    • Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
    • ,
  • Robert A. Phillips, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center and Medical School, Worcester
    • ,
  • Philip Raskin, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas, Dallas
    • ,
  • Jackson T. Wright Jr., MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Sripal Bangalore, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York City
    • ,
  • Fred K. Holdbrook, PhD

      Affiliations

    • GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pa
    • ,
  • Mary Ann Lukas, MD

      Affiliations

    • GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pa
    • ,
  • Karen M. Anderson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pa
    • ,
  • George L. Bakris, MD

      Affiliations

    • Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
    • ,
  • GEMINI Investigators

References 

  1. Sharma AM, Pischon T, Hardt S, et al. Hypothesis: Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and weight gain: A systematic analysis. Hypertension. 2001;37:250–254
  2. UKPD Study GroupUK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ. 1998;317:713–720
  3. Kaplan NM. Obesity in hypertension: effects on prognosis and treatment. J Hypertens Suppl. 1998;16:S35–S37
  4. Giugliano D, Acampora R, Marfella R, et al. Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of carvedilol and atenolol in non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension (A randomized, controlled trial). Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:955–959
  5. Jacob S, Rett K, Wicklmayr M, et al. Differential effect of chronic treatment with two beta-blocking agents on insulin sensitivity: the carvedilol-metoprolol study. J Hypertens. 1996;14:489–494
  6. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE, et al. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:2227–2236
  7. Bakris GL, Bell DS, Fonseca V, et al. The rationale and design of the Glycemic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus Carvedilol-Metoprolol Comparison in Hypertensives (GEMINI) trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2005;19:74–79
  8. Haffner SM, Kennedy E, Gonzalez C, et al. A prospective analysis of the HOMA model (The Mexico City Diabetes Study). Diabetes Care. 1996;19:1138–1141
  9. Executive summary of the clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1855–1867
  10. Bogardus C, Lillioja S, Mott DM, et al. Relationship between degree of obesity and in vivo insulin action in man. Am J Physiol. 1985;248:E286–E291
  11. Abbasi F, Brown BW, Lamendola C, et al. Relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:937–943
  12. Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2000;106:473–481
  13. Sullivan PW, Morrato EH, Ghushchyan V, et al. Obesity, inactivity, and the prevalence of diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular comorbidities in the U.S., 2000-2002. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1599–1603
  14. Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, Stern MP. Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 1991;34:416–422
  15. Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109:433–438
  16. Ueshiba H, Miyachi Y. Effect of doxazosin on insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with obesity. Horm Metab Res. 2003;35:532–536
  17. Friedman JM. The function of leptin in nutrition, weight, and physiology. Nutr Rev. 2002;60:S1–S14
  18. Ustundag B, Gungor S, Aygun AD, et al. Oxidative status and serum leptin levels in obese prepubertal children. Cell Biochem Funct. 2006;[Epub ahead of print]
  19. Suzuki K, Ito Y, Ochiai J, et al. Relationship between obesity and serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in Japanese. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2003;4:259–266
  20. Klein S, Burke LE, Bray GA, et al. Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease: a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2004;110:2952–2967
  21. Festa A, Haffner SM. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: lessons from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Circulation. 2005;111:2414–2415

PII: S0002-9343(06)01261-7

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.10.017

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 7 , Pages 610-615 , July 2007

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