The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 6 , Pages 531-538 , June 2007

Improving Risk Assessment with Cardiac Testing in Peripheral Arterial Disease

  • Harm H.H. Feringa, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Abdou Elhendy, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha
    • ,
  • Stefanos E. Karagiannis, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Peter G. Noordzij, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Martin Dunkelgrun, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Olaf Schouten, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Radosav Vidakovic, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Ron T. van Domburg, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jeroen J. Bax, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    • ,
  • Don Poldermans, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Don Poldermans, MD, Erasmus MC, University of Rotterdam, Department of Anaesthesiology, Room H-921, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

References 

  1. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113:e463–e654
  2. Murabito JM, Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of stroke, coronary disease, and death: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1939–1942
  3. Criqui MH, Fronek A, Barrett-Connor E, et al. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. Circulation. 1985;71:510–515
  4. McDermott MM, Kerwin DR, Liu K, et al. Prevalence and significance of unrecognized lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in general medicine practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:384–390
  5. Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110:738–743
  6. Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 2001;286:1317–1324
  7. Hiatt WR. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1608–1621
  8. Ward RP, Min JK, McDonough KM, Lang RM. High prevalence of important cardiac findings in patients with peripheral arterial disease referred for echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:844–849
  9. Valentine RJ, Grayburn PA, Eichhorn EJ, et al. Coronary artery disease is highly prevalent among patients with premature peripheral vascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19:668–674
  10. Park H, Das M, Aronow WS, et al. Relation of decreased ankle-brachial index of prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors, coronary artery disease, aortic valve calcium, and mitral annular calcium. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:1005–1006
  11. McKenna M, Wolfson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality. Atherosclerosis. 1991;87:119–128
  12. Newman AB, Siscovick DS, Manolio TA, et al. Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation. 1993;88:837–845
  13. Newman AB, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Vogt MT, Kuller LH. Morbidity and mortality in hypertensive adults with a low ankle/arm blood pressure index. JAMA. 1993;270:487–489
  14. Lee AJ, Price JF, Russell MJ, et al. Improved prediction of fatal myocardial infarction using the ankle brachial index in addition to conventional risk factors: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation. 2004;110:3075–3080
  15. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:381–386
  16. Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Newman AB, et al. Decreased ankle/arm blood pressure index and mortality in elderly women. JAMA. 1993;270:465–469
  17. Leng GC, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, et al. Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study. BMJ. 1996;313:1440–1444
  18. Marwick TH. Stress echocardiography. Heart. 2003;89:113–118
  19. Poldermans D, Fioretti PM, Boersma E, et al. Long-term prognostic value of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in 1737 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a single-center experience. Circulation. 1999;99:757–762
  20. McNeill AJ, Fioretti PM, el-Said SM, et al. Enhanced sensitivity for detection of coronary artery disease by addition of atropine to dobutamine stress echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:41–46
  21. Armstrong WF, Pellikka PA, Ryan T, et al. Stress echocardiography: recommendations for performance and interpretation of stress echocardiography (Stress Echocardiography Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1998;11:97–104
  22. Edwards WD, Tajik AJ, Seward JB. Standardized nomenclature and anatomic basis for regional tomographic analysis of the heart. Mayo Clin Proc. 1981;56:479–497
  23. Bourdillon PD, Broderick TM, Sawada SG, et al. Regional wall motion index for infarct and noninfarct regions after reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: comparison with global wall motion index. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1989;2:398–407
  24. Viles-Gonzalez JF, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Atherothrombosis: a widespread disease with unpredictable and life-threatening consequences. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1197–1207
  25. de Graaff JC, Ubbink DT, Kools EI, et al. The impact of peripheral and coronary artery disease on health-related quality of life. Ann Vasc Surg. 2002;16:495–500
  26. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:381–386
  27. Poldermans D, Fioretti PM, Boersma E, et al. Long-term prognostic value of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in 1737 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease: a single-center experience. Circulation. 1999;99:757–762

PII: S0002-9343(06)00892-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.041

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 6 , Pages 531-538 , June 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution