The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S69-S78 , September 2006

The Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Sex Hormone Biosynthesis and Action with Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetes Mellitus in Women at Midlife

  • Joan C. Lo, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA, and Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
    • ,
  • Xinhua Zhao, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
    • ,
  • Angelo Scuteri, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, and Unità Operativa Geriatria, Italian National Research Center on Aging, Rome, Italy
    • ,
  • Sarah Brockwell, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
    • ,
  • MaryFran R. Sowers, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to MaryFran R. Sowers, PhD, 339 East Liberty, Suite 310, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.

References 

  1. Dunaif A . Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis . Endocr Rev . 1997;18:774–800
  2. Ehrmann DA . Polycystic ovary syndrome . N Engl J Med . 2005;352:1223–1236
  3. Taylor JA , Lewis KJ , Lubahn DB . Estrogen receptor mutations . Mol Cell Endocrinol . 1998;145:61–66
  4. Grumbach MM , Auchus RJ . Estrogen: consequences and implications of human mutations in synthesis and action . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1999;84:4677–4694
  5. Isomaa B , Almgren P , Tuomi T , et al.   Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome . Diabetes Care . 2001;24:683–689
  6. Scuteri A , Najjar SS , Morrel CH , Lakatta EG . The metabolic syndrome in older individuals: prevalence and prediction of cardiovascular events: the Cardiovascular Health Study . Diabetes Care . 2005;28:882–887
  7. Eckel RH , Grundy SM , Zimmet PZ . The metabolic syndrome . Lancet . 2005;365:1415–1428
  8. Howard G , O’Leary DH , Zaccaro D , et al.  Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Investigators   Insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis . Circulation . 1996;93:1809–1817
  9. Jones ME , Thorburn AW , Britt KL , et al.   Aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mice accumulate excess adipose tissue . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol . 2001;79:3–9
  10. Jones ME , Thorburn AW , Britt KL , et al.   Aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mice have a phenotype of increased adiposity . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2000;97:12735–12740
  11. Heine PA , Taylor JA , Iwamoto GA , Lubahn DB , Cooke PS . Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout mice . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2000;97:12729–12734
  12. Sowers M , Crawford S , Sternfeld B , et al.   Design, survey, sampling and recruitment methods of SWAN: a multicenter, multiethnic, community-based cohort study of women and the menopausal transition . In:  Lobo RA ,  Kelsey J ,  Marcus R editor. Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology . San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000;p. 175–188
  13. Myers GL , Cooper GR , Winn CL , Smith SJ . The Centers for Disease Control–National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lipid Standardization Program: an approach to accurate and precise lipid measurements . Clin Lab Med . 1989;9:105–135
  14. Matthews DR , Hosker JP , Rudenski AS , Naylor BA , Treacher DF , Turner RC . Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man . Diabetologia . 1985;28:412–419
  15. Levy JC , Matthews DR , Hermans MP . Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program . Diabetes Care . 1998;21:2191–2192
  16. Wallace TM , Levy JC , Matthews DR . Use and abuse of HOMA modeling . Diabetes Care . 2004;27:1487–1495
  17. Warnick GR , Albers JJ . A comprehensive evaluation of the heparin manganese precipitation procedure for estimating high density lipoprotein cholesterol . J Lipid Res . 1978;19:65–76
  18. World Health Organization Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance . Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation . Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999; Publication WHO/NCD/99.2
  19. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) . JAMA . 2001;285:2486–2497
  20. Steering Committee of the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization, the International Association for the Study of Obesity, and the International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Melbourne, Australia: Health Communications Australia Pty Limited, 2000. Available at: http://www.diabetes.com.au/pdf/obesity_report.pdf. Accessed October 25, 2005.
  21. Ferris B . Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society) . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1978;118:1–120
  22. Baecke JA , Burema J , Fritjers JE . A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies . Am J Clin Nutr . 1982;36:936–942
  23. Sternfeld B , Ainsworth BE , Quesenberry CJ . Physical activity patterns in a diverse population of women . Prev Med . 1999;28:313–323
  24. Torréns JI , Skurnick J , Davidow AL , et al.   Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in premenopausal or early perimenopausal women without diabetes: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) . Diabetes Care . 2004;27:354–361
  25. Hosmer DW , Lemeshow S . Applied Logistic Regression . New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1989;
  26. Baghaei F , Rosmond R , Westberg L , et al.   The CYP19 gene and associations with androgens and abdominal obesity in premenopausal women . Obesity Res . 2003;11:578–585
  27. Sowers MFR , Wilson AL , Kardia SR , Chu J , Ferrell R . Aromatase gene (CYP 19) polymorphisms and endogenous androgen concentrations in a multiethnic/multiracial, multisite study of women at mid-life . Am J Med . 2006;119(suppl 9A):S23–S30
  28. Chen Z , Bassford T , Green SB , et al.   Postmenopausal hormone therapy and body composition—a substudy of the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women’s Health Initiative . Am J Clin Nutr . 2005;82:651–656
  29. Godsland IF . Oestrogens and insulin secretion . Diabetologia . 2005;48:2213–2220
  30. Kanaya AM , Herrington D , Vittinghoff E , et al.   Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial) . Ann Intern Med . 2003;138:1–9
  31. Zhang J , Rowe WL , Clark AG , Buetow KH . Genomewide distribution of high-frequency, completely mismatching SNP haplotype pairs observed to be common across human populations . Am J Hum Genet . 2003;73:1073–1081
  32. Riancho JA , Zarrabeitia MT , Valero C , et al.   Aromatase gene and osteoporosis: relationship of ten polymorphic loci with bone mineral density . Bone . 2005;36:917–925

 The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) and the SWAN Repository were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Nursing Research, and the NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health (Grant Nos. AG017719, NR004061, AG012505, AG012535, AG012531, AG012539, AG012546, AG012553, AG012554, and AG012495). The Sex Steroid Hormone Genetics Protocol was supported by the SWAN Repository.This report is based on samples from the SWAN DNA Repository. Scientists interested in developing studies based on this resource can find a description of the SWAN Core Repository and DNA Repository and information on obtaining access to the resources at www.swanrepository.org.

PII: S0002-9343(06)00831-X

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.009

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S69-S78 , September 2006

Article Tools