The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S52-S60 , September 2006

Vasomotor Symptom Prevalence Is Associated with Polymorphisms in Sex Steroid–Metabolizing Enzymes and Receptors

  • Carolyn J. Crandall, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Carolyn J. Crandall, MD, MS, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, 911 Broxton Avenue, 1st Floor, Los Angeles, California 90024.
    • ,
  • Sybil L. Crawford, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
    • ,
  • Ellen B. Gold, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, USA

References 

  1. Erlik Y , Meldrum DR , Judd HL . Estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with hot flashes . Obstet Gynecol . 1982;59:403–407
  2. Hagen C , Christiansen C , Christensen MS , Transbol I . Climacteric symptoms, fat mass, and plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, Prl, oestradiol-17 beta and androstenedione in the early post-menopausal period . Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) . 1982;101:87–92
  3. Mango D , Scirpa P , Battaglia F , Bini E . Plasma androstenedione and oestrone levels in the climacteric syndrome . Maturitas . 1984;5:245–250
  4. Guthrie JR , Dennerstein L , Hopper JL , Burger HG . Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population-based sample of midlife women . Obstet Gynecol . 1996;88:437–442
  5. Wilbur J , Miller AM , Montgomery A , Chandler P . Sociodemographic characteristics, biological factors, and symptom reporting in midlife women . Menopause . 1998;5:43–51
  6. Stone SC , Mickal A , Rye PH . Postmenopausal symptomatology, maturation index, and plasma estrogen levels . Obstet Gynecol . 1975;45:625–627
  7. Hutton JD , Jacobs HS , Murray MA , James VH . Relation between plasma oestrone and oestradiol and climacteric symptoms . Lancet . 1978;1:678–681
  8. Studd JW , Chakravarti S , Collins WP . Plasma hormone profiles after the menopause and bilateral oophorectomy . Postgrad Med J . 1978;54(suppl 2):25–30
  9. James CE , Breeson AJ , Kovacs G , et al.   The symptomatology of the climacteric in relation to hormonal and cytological factors . Br J Obstet Gynaecol . 1984;91:56–62
  10. Abe T , Furuhashi N , Yamaya Y , Wada Y , Hoshiai A , Suzuki M . Correlation between climacteric symptoms and serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1977;129:65–67
  11. Freedman RR , Norton D , Woodward S , Cornelissen G . Core body temperature and circadian rhythm of hot flashes in menopausal women . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1995;80:2354–2358
  12. Randolph JF , Sowers M , Bondarenko I , et al.   The relationship of longitudinal change in reproductive hormones and vasomotor symptoms during the menopausal transition . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2005;90:6106–6112
  13. Sowers MF , Wilson AL , Kardia SR , Chu J , McConnell DS . CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 polymorphisms and their association with estradiol and estrogen metabolites in women who are premenopausal and perimenopausal . Am J Med . 2006;119(suppl):S44–S51
  14. Huang CS , Chern HD , Chang KJ , Cheng CW , Hsu SM , Shen CY . Breast cancer risk associated with genotype polymorphism of the estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP17, CYP1A1, and COMT: a multigenic study on cancer susceptibility . Cancer Res . 1999;59:4870–4875
  15. Mitrunen K , Hirvonen A . Molecular epidemiology of sporadic breast cancer: the role of polymorphic genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism . Mutat Res . 2003;544:9–41
  16. Gruber CJ , Tschugguel W , Schneeberger C , Huber JC . Production and actions of estrogens . N Engl J Med . 2002;346:340–352
  17. Sowers MF , Crawford S , Sternfeld B , et al.   Design, survey sampling and recruitment methods of SWAN: a multi-center, multi-ethnic, community-based cohort study of women and the menopausal transition . In:  Lobo R ,  Kelsey JL ,  Marcus R editor. Menopause: Biology and Pathology . New York: Academic Press; 2000;p. 175–188
  18. Kardia SR , Chu J , Sowers MF . Characterizing variation in sex steroid hormone pathway genes in women of 4 races/ethnicities: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) . Am J Med . 2006;119(suppl):S3–S15
  19. Matthews KA , Wing RR , Kuller LH , Meilahn EN , Plantinga P . Influence of the perimenopause on cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms of middle-aged healthy women . Arch Intern Med . 1994;154:2349–2355
  20. Neugarten BL , Kraines RJ . “Menopausal symptoms” in women of various ages . Psychosom Med . 1965;27:266–273
  21. Avis NE , McKinlay SM . A longitudinal analysis of women’s attitudes toward the menopause: results from the Massachusetts Women’s Health Study . Maturitas . 1991;13:65–79
  22. Gold EB , Colvin A , Avis NE , et al.   Longitudinal analysis of the association between vasomotor symptoms and race/ethnicity across the menopausal transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation . Am J Public Health . 2006;96:1226–1235
  23. Barsky AJ , Goodson JD , Lane RS , Cleary PD . The amplification of somatic symptoms . Psychosom Med . 1988;50:510–519
  24. Radloff LS . The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Applied Psychological Measurement . 1977;1:385–401
  25. World Health Organization . Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity . Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998;
  26. Ferris BG . Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society) . Am Rev Respir Dis . 1978;118:1–120
  27. Coghlin J , Hammond SK , Gann PH . Development of epidemiologic tools for measuring environmental tobacco smoke exposure . Am J Epidemiol . 1989;130:696–704
  28. Diggle P , Liang K-Y , Zeger S . Analysis of Longitudinal Data . Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1994;
  29. Beer DG , Kardia SL , Huang CC , et al.   Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma . Nat Med . 2002;8:816–824
  30. Gold EB , Block G , Crawford S , et al.   Lifestyle and demographic factors in relation to vasomotor symptoms: baseline results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation . Am J Epidemiol . 2004;159:1189–1199
  31. Kocabas NA , Sardas S , Karakaya AE . Polymorphisms related to estrogen and xenobiotic metabolism in healthy Turkish women . Arch Med Res . 2005;36:19–23
  32. Rylander-Rudqvist T , Wedren S , Granath F , et al.   Cytochrome P450 1B1 gene polymorphisms and postmenopausal breast cancer risk . Carcinogenesis . 2003;24:1533–1539
  33. De Vivo I , Hankinson SE , Li L , Colditz GA , Hunter DJ . Association of CYP1B1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2002;11:489–492
  34. Thyagarajan B , Brott M , Mink P , et al.   CYP1B1 and CYP19 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer incidence: no association in the ARIC study . Cancer Lett . 2004;207:183–189
  35. Le Marchand L , Donlon T , Kolonel LN , Henderson BE , Wilkens LR . Estrogen metabolism-related genes and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2005;14:1998–2003
  36. Zheng W , Xie DW , Jin F , et al.   Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450-1B1 and risk of breast cancer . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2000;9:147–150
  37. Lurie G , Maskarinec G , Kaaks R , Stanczyk FZ , Le Marchand L . Association of genetic polymorphisms with serum estrogens measured multiple times during a 2-year period in premenopausal women . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2005;14:1521–1527
  38. Garcia-Closas M , Herbstman J , Schiffman M , Glass A , Dorgan JF . Relationship between serum hormone concentrations, reproductive history, alcohol consumption and genetic polymorphisms in pre-menopausal women . Int J Cancer . 2002;102:172–178
  39. Hefler LA , Tempfer CB , Grimm C , et al.   Estrogen-metabolizing gene polymorphisms in the assessment of breast carcinoma risk and fibroadenoma risk in Caucasian women . Cancer . 2004;101:264–269
  40. Gunnarsson C , Ahnstrom M , Kirschner K , et al.   Amplification of HSD17B1 and ERBB2 in primary breast cancer . Oncogene . 2003;22:34–40
  41. Hefler LA , Grimm C , Heinze G , et al.   Estrogen-metabolizing gene polymorphisms and age at natural menopause in Caucasian women . Hum Reprod . 2005;20:1422–1427
  42. Rannevik G , Jeppsoon S , Johnell O , Bjerre B , Laurell-Borulf Y , Svanberg L . A longitudinal study of the perimenopausal transition: altered profiles of steroid and pituitary hormones, SHBG and bone mineral density . Maturitas . 1995;21:103–113
  43. Albagha OM , McGuigan FE , Reid DM , Ralston SH . Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density: haplotype analysis in women from the United Kingdom . J Bone Miner Res . 2001;16:128–134
  44. Zhang YY , Long JR , Liu PY , et al.   Estrogen receptor alpha and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density: association study of healthy pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2003;308:777–783
  45. Koh JM , Nam-Goong IS , Hong JS , et al.   Oestrogen receptor alpha genotype, and interactions between vitamin D receptor and transforming growth factor-beta1 genotypes are associated with quantitative calcaneal ultrasound in postmenopausal women . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2004;60:232–240
  46. Nam HS , Shin MH , Kweon SS , et al.   Association of estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women . J Bone Miner Metab . 2005;23:84–89
  47. Modugno F , Zmuda JM , Potter D , et al.   Association of estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in older Caucasian women . Int J Cancer . 2005;116:984–991
  48. Cai Q , Shu XO , Jin F , et al.   Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and risk of breast cancer: results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2003;12:853–859
  49. Kok HS , Onland-Moret NC , van Asselt KM , et al.   No association of estrogen receptor alpha and cytochrome P450c17α polymorphisms with age at menopause in a Dutch cohort . Hum Reprod . 2005;20:536–542
  50. Schuit SC , de Jong FH , Stolk L , et al.   Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with estradiol levels in postmenopausal women . Eur J Endocrinol . 2005;153:327–334
  51. Zofkova I , Zajickova K , Hill M . The estrogen receptor alpha gene determines serum androstenedione levels in postmenopausal women . Steroids . 2002;67:815–819
  52. Malacara JM , Perez-Luque EL , Martinez-Garza S , Sanchez-Marin FJ . The relationship of estrogen receptor-alpha polymorphism with symptoms and other characteristics in post-menopausal women . Maturitas . 2004;49:163–169

 The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) and the SWAN Repository were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Nursing Research, and the NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health (Grant Nos. AG017719, NR004061, AG012505, AG012535, AG012531, AG012539, AG012546, AG012553, AG012554, and AG012495). The Sex Steroid Hormone Genetics Protocol was supported by the SWAN Repository. Dr. Crandall was supported by National Institutes of Health Research Grant No. 5K12AG01004 from the National Institute on Aging.This report is based on samples from the SWAN DNA Repository. Scientists interested in developing studies based on this resource can find a description of the SWAN Core Repository and DNA Repository and information on obtaining access to the resources at www.swanrepository.org.

PII: S0002-9343(06)00829-1

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.007

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 9, Supplement 1 , Pages S52-S60 , September 2006

Article Tools