The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 1 , Pages 33-39 , January 2007

Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction

References 

  1. Choiniere R, Lafontaine P, Edwards AC. Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults. CMAJ. 2000;162(9 Suppl):S13–S24
  2. Chang WC, Kaul P, Westerhout CM, et al. Impact of sex on long-term mortality from acute myocardial infarction vs stable angina. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2476–2484
  3. Alter DA, Naylor CD, Austin P, Tu JV. Effects of socioeconomic status on access to invasive cardiac procedures and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1359–1367
  4. Alter DA, Naylor CD, Austin PC, Chan BT, Tu JV. Geography and service supply do not explain socioeconomic gradients in angiography use after acute myocardial infarction. CMAJ. 2003;168:261–264
  5. Alter DA, Iron K, Austin PC, Naylor CD SESAMI Study Group. Socioeconomic status, service patterns, and perceptions of care among survivors of acute myocardial infarction in Canada. JAMA. 2004;291:1100–1107
  6. Pilote L, Joseph L, Belisle P, Penrod J. Universal health insurance coverage does not eliminate inequities in access to cardiac procedures after acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2003;146:1030–1037
  7. Philbin EF, McCullough PA, DiSalvo TG, Dec GW, Jenkins PL, Weaver WD. Socioeconomic status is an important determinant of the use of invasive procedures after acute myocardial infarction in New York State. Circulation. 2000;102(Suppl 3):III107–III115
  8. Rao SV, Schulman KA, Curtis LH, Gersh BJ, Jollis JG. Socioeconomic status and outcome following acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1128–1133
  9. Lantz PM, House JS, Lepkowski JM, Williams DR, Mero RP, Chen J. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA. 1998;279:1703–1708
  10. Morrison C, Woodward M, Leslie W, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Effect of socioeconomic group on incidence of, management of, and survival after myocardial infarction and coronary death: analysis of community coronary event register. BMJ. 1997;314(7080):541–546
  11. Rathore SS, Chen J, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM. Sex differences in cardiac catheterization: the role of physician gender. JAMA. 2001;286:2849–2856
  12. Lu N, Samuels ME, Wilson R. Socioeconomic differences in health: how much do health behaviors and health insurance coverage account for?. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2004;15:618–630
  13. Data Disclosure Handbook. Part VI. Data Resources at Alberta Health and Wellness. Government of Alberta, Canada. Available at: http://www.health.gov.ab.ca/about/research/data_handbook. Accessed October 22, 2005.
  14. 2001 Census Income Data. Catalogue No. 92-393-XIE. Ottawa, Canada: Statistics Canada. Available at: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01. Accessed October 22, 2005.
  15. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and acute myocardial infarction?. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:934–942
  16. Alter DA, Iron K, Austin PC, Naylor CD SESAMI Study Group. Influence of education and income on atherogenic risk factor profiles among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Can J Cardiol. 2004;12:1219–1228
  17. Luther SL, French DD, Powell-Cope G, Rubenstein LZ, Campbell R. Using administrative data to track fall-related ambulatory care services in the Veterans Administration Healthcare system. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2005;17:412–418
  18. Alter DA, Tu JV, Austin PC, Naylor CD. Waiting times, revascularization modality, and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction at hospitals with and without on-site revascularization facilities in Canada. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:410–419
  19. Tu JV, Naylor CD, Austin P. Temporal changes in the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Ontario: 1992 to 1996. CMAJ. 1999;161:1257–1261
  20. Salomaa V, Niemela M, Miettinen H, et al. Relationship of socioeconomic status to the incidence and prehospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortality rates of acute coronary events in the FINMONICA myocardial infarction register study. Circulation. 2000;101:1913–1918
  21. Pope JH, Selker HP. Acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: diagnostic characteristics, tests, and challenges. Cardiol Clin. 2005;23:423–451v-vi
  22. Duseja R, Feldman JA. Missed acute cardiac ischemia in the ED: limitations of diagnostic testing. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22:219–225
  23. Gibler WB, Armstrong PW, Ohman M, et al. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) Investigators Persistence of delays in presentation and treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction: The GUSTO-I and GUSTO-III experience. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:123–130
  24. Simpson E, Beck C, Richard H, Eisenberg MJ, Pilote L. Drug prescriptions after acute myocardial infarction: dosage, compliance, and persistence. Am Heart J. 2003;145:438–444
  25. Welsh RC, Ornato J, Armstrong PW. Prehospital management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a time for reappraisal in North America. Am Heart J. 2003;145:1–8
  26. Keeley EC, Grines CL. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for every patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: what stands in the way?. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:298–304
  27. Brophy JM, Bogaty P. Primary angioplasty and thrombolysis are both reasonable options in acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:292–297
  28. Southern DA, Ghali WA, Faris PD, et al. Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Investigators Misclassification of income quintiles derived from area-based measures (A comparison of enumeration area and forward sortation area). Can J Public Health. 2002;93:465–469

 This study was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institute of Health Research. Although the study is based in part on data provided by Alberta Health and Wellness, the interpretation and conclusions contained herein are those of the researchers and do not necessarily represent the views of the Government of Alberta. Neither the Government nor Alberta Health and Wellness express any opinion in relation to this study.

PII: S0002-9343(06)00693-0

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.056

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 1 , Pages 33-39 , January 2007