The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 2 , Pages 180-184 , February 2007

Risk of Mortality with Vitamin E Supplements: The Cache County Study

  • Kathleen M. Hayden, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Kathleen M. Hayden, PhD, 2200 West Main St, Suite A-200, Durham, NC 27705.
    • ,
  • Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • Heidi J. Wengreen, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
    • Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
    • ,
  • Peter P. Zandi, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
    • ,
  • Constantine G. Lyketsos, MD, MHS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
    • Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
    • ,
  • John C.S. Breitner, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash
    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
    • ,
  • Cache County Investigators

References 

  1. Morris CD, Carson S. Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(1):56–70
  2. Losonczy KG, Harris TB, Havlik RJ. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in older persons: the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(2):190–196
  3. Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(11):1338–1347
  4. Miller ER, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(1):37–46
  5. Breitner JC, Wyse BW, Anthony JC, et al. APOE-epsilon4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: the Cache County Study. Neurology. 1999;53(2):321–331
  6. Tschanz JT, Corcoran C, Skoog I, et al. Dementia: the leading predictor of death in a defined elderly population: the Cache County Study. Neurology. 2004;62(7):1156–1162
  7. Kerber RA, O’Brien E, Smith KR, Cawthon RM. Familial excess longevity in Utah genealogies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):B130–B139
  8. Lindberg M, Rexstad E. Capture-recapture sampling designs. In:  El-Shaarawi AH,  Piergorsch WW editor. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. Vol 1:Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2002;p. 251–262
  9. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc. Ser B (Methodological). 1972;32(2):187–220
  10. Bruno RS, Leonard SW, Atkinson J, et al. Faster plasma vitamin E disappearance in smokers is normalized by vitamin C supplementation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;40(4):689–697
  11. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):23–33
  12. Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, et al. The SU.VI.MAX Study: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the health effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(21):2335–2342
  13. Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;294(1):56–65
  14. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Ripatti S, et al. Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1997;349(9067):1715–1720
  15. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet. 1996;347(9004):781–786
  16. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(3):154–160
  17. Corrigan JJ, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA. 1974;230(9):1300–1301
  18. Olson RE. The function and metabolism of vitamin K. Annu Rev Nutr. 1984;4:281–337
  19. Watanabe H, Kakihana M, Ohtsuka S, Sugishita Y. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental vitamin E on attenuation of the development of nitrate tolerance. Circulation. 1997;96(8):2545–2550
  20. Munzel T, Sayegh H, Freeman BA, et al. Evidence for enhanced vascular superoxide anion production in nitrate tolerance (A novel mechanism underlying tolerance and cross-tolerance). J Clin Invest. 1995;95(1):187–194
  21. Thatcher GR, Nicolescu AC, Bennett BM, Toader V. Nitrates and NO release: contemporary aspects in biological and medicinal chemistry. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;37(8):1122–1143
  22. Bowry VW, Stocker R. Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation (The prooxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein). J Am Chem Soc. 1993;115(14):6029–6044

 This work was supported by National Institute on Aging grant AG-11380 and the work of Dr Hayden by T32-AG00029.

PII: S0002-9343(06)00575-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.039

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 120, Issue 2 , Pages 180-184 , February 2007

Article Tools