The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 7, Supplement 1 , Pages S47-S53 , July 2006

Water and Sodium Retention in Edematous Disorders: Role of Vasopressin and Aldosterone

  • Robert W. Schrier, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationRequests for reprints should be addressed to Robert W. Schrier, MD, Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, B173, Denver, Colorado 80262.

References 

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  2. Schrier RW . Pathogenesis of sodium and water retention in high-output and low-output cardiac failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and pregnancy (2) . N Engl J Med . 1988;319:1127–1134
  3. Schrier RW . Body fluid volume regulation in health and disease (a unifying hypothesis) . Ann Intern Med . 1990;113:155–159
  4. Schrier RW , Niederberger M . Paradoxes of body fluid volume regulation in health and disease (a unifying hypothesis) . West J Med . 1994;161:393–408
  5. Verney EB . The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release . Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci . 1947;135:25–106
  6. Szatalowicz VL , Arnold PE , Chaimovitz C , Bichet D , Berl T , Schrier RW . Radioimmunoassay of plasma arginine vasopressin hyponatremic patients with congestive heart failure . N Engl J Med . 1981;305:263–266
  7. Bichet D , Szatalowicz V , Chaimovitz C , Schrier RW . Role of vasopressin in abnormal water excretion in cirrhotic patients . Ann Intern Med . 1982;96:413–417
  8. Wang X-Y , Masilamani S , Nielsen J , et al.   The renal thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter as mediator of the aldosterone-escape phenomenon . J Clin Invest . 2001;108:215–222
  9. Ecelbarger CA , Nielsen S , Olson BR , et al.   Role of renal aquaporins in escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis in rat . J Clin Invest . 1997;99:1852–1863
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  11. Schrier RW , Ecder T . Unifying hypothesis of body fluid volume regulation (implications for cardiac failure and cirrhosis) . Mt Sinai J Med . 2001;68:350–361
  12. Schrier RW , Berl T . Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (first of two parts) . N Engl J Med . 1975;292:81–88
  13. Schrier RW , Berl T . Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (second of two parts) . N Engl J Med . 1975;292:141–145
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  15. Schrier RW , Abraham WT . Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure . N Engl J Med . 1999;341:577–585
  16. Bichet DG , Van Putten VJ , Schrier RW . Potential role of the increased sympathetic activity in impaired sodium and water excretion in cirrhosis . N Engl J Med . 1982;307:1552–1557
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  18. Schrier RW , Briner V , Caramelo C . Cellular action and interactions of arginine vasopressin in vascular smooth muscle (mechanisms and clinical implications) . J Am Soc Nephrol . 1993;4:2–11
  19. Schrier RW , Ohara M , Rogachev B , Xu L , Knotek M . Aquaporin-2 water channels and vasopressin antagonists in edematous disorders . Mol Genet Metab . 1998;65:255–263
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  33. Martin P-Y , Xu DL , Niederberger M , et al.   Upregulation of the endothelial constitutive NOS (a major role in the increased NO production in cirrhotic rats) . Am J Physiol . 1996;270(pt 2):F494–F499
  34. Martin P-Y , Ohara M , Gines P , et al.   Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition for one week improves renal sodium and water excretion in cirrhotic rats with ascites . J Clin Invest . 1998;101:235–242
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  37. Chapman AB , Abraham WT , Zamudio S , et al.   Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early human pregnancy . Kidney Int . 1998;54:2056–2063
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  39. Cadnapaphornchai MA , Ohara M , Morris KG , et al.   Chronic NOS inhibition reverses systemic vasodilation and glomerular hyperfiltration in pregnancy . Am J Physiol Renal Physiol . 2001;280:F592–F598
  40. Schrier RW , Briner VA . Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis of sodium and water retention in pregnancy (implication for pathogenesis of preeclampsia-eclampsia) . Obstet Gynecol . 1991;77:632–639
  41. Schrier RW , Cadnapaphornchai MA , Umenishi F . Water-losing and water-retaining states (role of water channels and vasopressin receptor antagonists) . Heart Disease . 2001;3:210–214

 This work was supported by Grant No. P01 DK19928 from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases.

PII: S0002-9343(06)00493-1

doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.007

The American Journal of Medicine
Volume 119, Issue 7, Supplement 1 , Pages S47-S53 , July 2006

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