Effects of sustained-release bupropion among persons interested in reducing but not quitting smoking☆
Received 26 June 2002; accepted 25 July 2003.
Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether sustained-release bupropion promotes smoking reduction leading to smoking cessation among persons who wish to reduce their amount of smoking, but who are unwilling to quit or who perceive themselves as being unable to quit.
Methods
Current smokers were assigned randomly to receive either sustained-release bupropion (150 mg twice daily) or matching placebo. During an initial 6-month smoking reduction phase, those who were willing to quit entered a 7-week cessation phase, during which study medication was continued.
Results
Four-week continuous abstinence rates were 14% (41/295) in the bupropion group and 8% (25/299) in the placebo group (P = 0.02) during treatment. However, this benefit did not continue after treatment was stopped; subsequent continuous abstinence rates were 7% (20/295) in the bupropion group and 5% (16/299) in the placebo group (P = 0.50). Similar proportions of subjects entered the cessation phase in both treatment groups (38% [n = 113] of those in the bupropion group and 34% [n = 101] of those in the placebo group), although the time until a cessation attempt was shorter for those taking bupropion (median, 64 days vs. 118 days, P = 0.008). The extent of smoking reduction (measured by urinary cotinine concentrations) among the 327 subjects who did not enter the cessation phase was significantly greater (P <0.05) in those treated with bupropion during the reduction treatment phase, but not during the month 12 follow-up visit (P = 0.25).
Conclusion
Sustained-release bupropion, when used in smokers initially not willing to make a cessation attempt, can help sustain smoking reduction while subjects are on active medication, reduce the time until the next cessation attempt, and increase short-term abstinence rates. However, these benefits were modest and not sustained after bupropion was discontinued.
aDepartment of Psychiatry (DKH, MK), University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
bDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy (MK), University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
cUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center (SR), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
dGlaxoSmithKline (MKP, MK, GD, BDJ), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
eInstitute of Psychiatry (RM), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
fLos Angeles Clinical Trials (MAN), Los Angeles, California, USA
gSmoking Consultation Service (MPB), Fort Lee, New Jersey, USA
hCampbell University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Research (BDJ), Durham, North Carolina, USA
Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dorothy K. Hatsukami, PhD, University of Minnesota, Tobacco Use Research Center, 2701 University Avenue, Suite 201, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
☆ This study was supported by GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The sponsor was responsible for finalizing the design of the study and oversight of the research project, had primary responsibility for conducting the data analyses, and reviewed the final paper.
ABSTRACT
